Marxism: An economic‚ social‚ and political philosophy based on ideas that view social change in terms of economic factors. Developed in the 19th century by Karl Marx (1818-1883). Marxism says that people in the world are organized into different classes based on their relationship to how things are made. Most people are called "workers" because they work in factories or offices or farms for money. They belong to the "working class" (or "proletariat"). Another group‚ who are not as big as the working
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Globalisation refers to the growing interconnectedness of societies. As we are now living in a postmodern society many sociologists believe that we need new theories as traditional theories such as Functionalism and Marxism are outdated and are deemed irrelevant to many sociologists. Functionalism and Marxism are often described as ‘modernist’ as they explain the findings of modern society‚ where it follows the industrialisation of the western world. Postmodernists reject the views of the modernist theorists
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objectives After reading this chapter you will be able to: •• •• •• •• •• Distinguish between ontology and epistemology in research. Distinguish between inductive and deductive methods. Explain the different perspectives taken by positivism and interpretivism. Describe the different research methodologies and the conditions for their selection. Distinguish between exploratory‚ descriptive‚ explanatory and interpretative research studies. We saw in Chapter 1 that the research process requires us to
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Sociological Theory of Functionalism Durkheim Sociology is a study of social facts (money‚ law or language) which are objective‚ external and constraining. Society cannot be reduced to the motives of individuals. Social facts explain how an action can be shaped by patterns of integration and regulation. Focused on how society hangs together through a collective conscience. Parson Society is a functional unit e.g. acts as a biological organism (regulates inter-related parts that fit together)
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Durkheim’s definitions Ways of measuring religiosity (attendance figures‚ the census) Problems of measurement - Davie. 3. Functionalism and religion Durkheim‚ Parsons‚ Malinowski‚ Bellah Religion as a conservative force 4. Marxism and religion Marx and Engels Religion as a conservative force (Marx) Religion as an initiator of change (Engels) 5. Neo-Marxism and religion Gramsci‚ Maduro‚ Turner Religion as an initiator of change 6. Feminism and religion De Beauvoir‚ El Saadawi
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Interpretive approach 5 3.2.1.1 Hermeneutics as a metatheory 6 4. Postmodernism‚ globalization and culture in communication: a brief discussion 6 4.1 Postmodern communication 6 4.2 Globalization and communication 7 4.3 Multi-cultural communication 8 4.3.1 Culture and cultural identities 8 5. Conclusion 11 6. Recommendation 12 Bibliography 12 List of figures Figure 1: Lull’s superculture 11 List of tables Table 1: Functionalism‚ Conflict and Symbolic Interactionism Theories 3 Table 2: Hall’s
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O 8 Unit 7: sociological perspectives for health and social care Functionalism was a dominant perspective during the 40’s and 50’. It is best understood by comparing society to the human body as they believe everything has a function‚ for example‚ people in society have to work together like organs in order to deal with problems and ensure that society is running positively. Talcott Parsons believed that one of the main role of an institution is to be governed by norms to ensure that the people
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In sociology there are seven main principal perspectives which are Functionalism‚ Marxism‚ Feminism‚ Interactionism‚ Postmodernism‚ Collectivism and New Right. Functionalism In 1951‚ Talcott Parsons introduced the Functionalist view which studies the social structure as a whole of how it functions and how each social structure is important in the interests of society. Functionalism believes that humans and the society have some basic needs‚ institutions and governments may be responsible to meet
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In this essay I plan to explore and explain the principal sociological perspectives of the different types of perspectives: Functionalism is a macro approach it contains a variety of institutions in society and how they are all dependent on each other; if one begins to fail it effects the rest of society. It is often referred to like ’the human body’ society being the body and the organizations being the organs. When the organs (organizations) begin to fail due to deviant behaviour it effects the
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Uses Sociological terminology to explain the principle sociological perspectives (P1) Sociological Perspectives for Health and Social Care In this assignment the writer will understand and acknowledge the sociological perspectives and the approaches of sociology in the health and social care sector. The essayist will also consider the concepts of sociology within health and social care while exploring the dimensions of health and illness. Sociology is the study of how the society is organised
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