service of the coloniser’s interests and of how knowledge about the world is generated under specific socio-economic relations‚ between the powerful and the powerless. Postcolonial theory‚ often said to begin with the work of Edward W. Said‚ Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak‚ and Homi K. Bhabha‚ looks at literature and society from two broad angles: how the writer‚ artist‚ cultural worker‚ and his or her context reflects a colonial past. These theorists also look at how they survive and carve out a new way of
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Spivak borrows the term ‘subaltern’ from Antonio Gramsci who initially used it in to refer to persons of lower rank (Gramsci 55) and it has its roots in Post Colonial theory. Spivak used it to refer to the marginalized‚ downtrodden or those who were outside the “hegemonic power structure(s)” (Singh 113) of the society. They are discriminated on multiple grounds and denied the rights‚ freedom and opportunities in society. Singh suggests that in recent times it is used to refer to “those who lack
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Paula’s voice‚ in which the entire novel is related‚ combines convincing staccato storytelling‚ slangy working-class diction‚ frank revelations‚ and agonized reconstruction of the past in sometimes profane and often touching tones. Here Paula remembers her teenaged self‚ both attracted and repelled by the man she will so disastrously marry: He was a ride. It was the best way to describe him‚ from the first time I heard of him to the last time I saw him. He wasn’t‚t gorgeous. There was never anything
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Toril. Sexual/Textual Politics: Feminist Literary Theory. London‚ New York: Methuen‚ 1985. Said‚ Edward W. “Discrepant Experiences.” Colonial Discourses. An Anthology. Ed. Gregory Castle. Oxford‚ UK: Blackwell Publishers‚ 2001. pp. 26-37. Spivak‚ Gayatri Chakravorty. “The Burden of English.” Colonial Discourses. An Anthology. Ed. Gregory Castle. Oxford‚ UK: Blackwell Publishers‚ 2001. pp. 53-72. Stierle‚ Karlheinz. “Komik der Handlung‚ Komik der Sprachhandlung‚ Komik der Komödie.” Das Komische. Eds
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decree;… she is the incidental‚ the inessential as opposed to the essential.” (Beauvoir 16) In the Indian context‚ women as gendered subalterns have a very limited role to play within the society. They are mere objects of desire to men. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak in her essay “Can the Subaltern Speak?”‚ originally published in Cary Nelson and Lawrence Grossberg’s Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture (1988) says‚ “As object of colonialist historiography and as subject of insurgency‚ the ideological
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Eddie Cavelli Professor Cooper English 304 30 April 2013 The artifact I chose is the 2009 film‚ “Sin Nombre‚” directed by Cary Fukunaga. In Spanish‚ the title translates to nameless‚ or without a name. The film revolves around the struggle of Honduran immigrants attempting to escape the hardships of everyday life to start fresh in ‘El Norte‚’ the United States. The film revolves around two main characters‚ MS 13 gang member‚ Willy (aka El Casper)‚ and Sayra‚ a Honduran girl who is traveling
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Resul BAKIR Assoc. Prof. Christina Cultural Studies IDE 545 10 December 2014 A Quick Glance at Slavery and Racism in Beloved by Toni Morrison “Are those who act and struggle mute‚ as opposed to those who act and speak?” (Spivak‚ 70) Although it seems impossible for a normal person to accept such an idea of killing her own child‚ it would be a better idea to focus on the actual purpose of killing the baby in an atmosphere full of slavery and racist and also sexist attitudes. By cutting her child’s
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It is important to read and discuss Mukherjee’s "A Wife’s Story" as an integral part of twentieth-century American literature and not as an "exotic" short story by a foreign writer. As the essay accompanying "A Wife’s Story" points out‚ Mukherjee identifies herself very strongly as an American writer writing about twentieth-century Americans. Although most of her stories are about South Asian-Americans (South Asia in the contemporary geopolitical arena usually consists of Bangladesh‚ India‚ Pakistan
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different ways should be recognized‚ as females were often subjected to what has been called a ‘double colonization ’ ‚ whereby they were discriminated against not only for their position as colonized people but also as women. According to Guyatri Spivak‚ this differentiation is essential for an exhaustive examination of colonial domination. The result of this treatment is ultimately the formation of the terminologically problematic post-colonial woman. Even constructions of the pre-colonial are
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Critical approaches to Wide Sargasso Sea » Contemporary critical assessments Modernist approachesFeminist approachesPsychoanalytical criticismPost-colonial approachesChallenging European cultural supremacyA revised perspectivePost-colonial approaches and ChristophineHistoricist approaches Modernist approaches These tend to avoid racial and political commentary on the novel. They focus instead on such aspects of form as: Jean Rhys’ pared down style Her interest in representing the inner
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