What are Carbohydrates? Carbohydrates are the sugars‚ starches‚ and fibers found in fruits‚ grains‚ vegetables and milk products. Carbohydrates are sugars that break down inside the body to create glucose. Glucose is moved around the body in the blood and is the primary source of energy for the brain‚ muscles‚ and other essential cells. There are two types of carbohydrates‚ simple and complex; Simple carbohydrates refer to sugars with a simple molecular construction of one or two parts. Because
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Case Study 1: Zachary’s Story Mike Myers A&P Instructor: Dr. Lok 7-26-15 A) If an ulcer starts eroding the mucosa of the GI track absorption would not happen correctly and some of the ingested and secreted products may seep out of the lumen. When the ulcer makes its way through the muscularis mucosa this would create a way for pathogens to enter. He could also loss control of defecation. B) The condition known as peritonitis is when an ulcer eats a hole in the wall of the stomach and
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There are six major classes of nutrients: carbohydrates‚ fats‚ minerals‚ protein‚ vitamins‚ and water. These nutrient classes can be categorized as either macronutrients (needed in relatively large amounts) or micronutrients (needed in smaller quantities). The macronutrients include carbohydrates (including fiber)‚ fats‚ protein‚ and water. The micronutrients are minerals and vitamins. The macronutrients (excluding fiber and water) provide structural material (amino acids from which proteins are
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is seen in every tissue except the brain‚ gonads‚ and spleen‚ and it is caused by an increase in the synthesis and activity of the Na+-K+ ATPase. The metabolism is increased to meet the increased oxygen consumption through a potentiation of gluconeogenesis‚ lipolysis‚ and proteolysis in order to provide the metabolic substrates necessary for oxidative metabolism. The effects on cardiac tissue‚ which are covered extensively elsewhere‚ include an increase in cardiac output due to increase in heart
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chapter Learning Objectives • Learn how our bodies change the food we eat into ATP to provide our muscles with the energy they need to move • Examine the three metabolic systems that generate ATP 2 Fuel for Exercise : Bioenergetics and Muscle Metabolism Terminology • Substrates – Fuel sources from which we make energy (adenosine triphosphate [ATP]) – Carbohydrate‚ fat‚ protein Measuring Energy Release • Can be calculated from heat produced • 1 calorie (cal) = heat energy required
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The Endocrine System Controls many body functions ~exerts control by releasing special chemical substances into the blood called hormones ~Hormones affect other endocrine glands or body systems Derives its name from the fact that various glands release hormones directly into the blood‚ which in turn transports the hormones to target tissues via ducts. Exocrine glands-transport their hormones to target tissues via ducts. Endocrine glands- secrete hormones into the bloodstream The Endocrine
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resistance (Pi-Sunyer). It has been suggested that increased fasting glucose production along with lowered suppression of hepatic glucose output can largely increase postprandial insulin secretion from the pancreas. Along with higher activity of gluconeogenesis due to higher protein in the diet than carbohydrate‚ this can actually increase the risk of the commencement of diabetes for many (Linn et al‚ 2000). There have been numerous clinical studies investigating the relationship between low carbohydrate
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HUN 1201 Midterm Study Guide Fall 2010 General Phytochemicals can be defined as what? Common examples of phytochemicals include… Are the health benefits of phytochemicals proven? Discuss the two categories of vitamins. Which nutrients are energy-yielding nutrients? Which nutrients are macronutrients? Which nutrients are essential nutrients? Why? Which nutrient is the most calorie dense? Which nutrients are organic? Which nutrients are needed in small
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In the quest to combat pre-diabetes‚ a lifestyle disease that he was diagnosed with‚ Professor Tim Noakes embarked on and advocated for a Low Carbohydrate High Fat diet. The aim of the LCHF diet is to achieve a nutritional balance of 5% carbohydrates‚ 60-70% fats and 20-30% protein‚ and claims to control insulin levels resulting in weight loss‚ body weight control and prevent insulin resistance. The control of insulin levels and the hindrance of insulin resistance are of great importance since if
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Final Study Guide-PSIO 36 questions Unit 1 1. Vena cava--right atrium--tricuspid valve--right ventricle--pulmonary valve--pulmonary artery--pulmonary vein--left atrium--bicuspid valve--left ventricle--aortic valve--aorta 2. SA node--AV node--AV bundle--right and left bundle branches--conducting myofibers (purkinje fibers) a. pacemaker cells in SA node spontaneously discharge action potentials at a rate of 100-120+ per minute *AP process: 1. depolarization due to na inflow when voltage gated
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