Nutritional science investigates the metabolic and physiological responses of the body to diet. With advances in the fields of molecular biology‚ biochemistry‚ nutritional immunology‚ molecular medicine and genetics‚ the study of nutrition is increasingly concerned with metabolism and metabolic pathways: the sequences of biochemical steps through which substances in living things change from one form to another. Carnivore and herbivore diets are contrasting‚ with basic nitrogen and carbon proportions
Premium Nutrition Metabolism
SYLLABUS BCHM 100A: INTRODUCTION TO BIOCHEMISTRY FALL 2012 Instructor: Emily Westover‚ westover@brandeis.edu Kosow 108‚ ext. 6-2304 Office Hours: M 11-1‚ W 1-2‚ or by appointment Assistants: Vy Nguyen‚ vnguyen@brandeis.edu Rick Roy‚ rroy@brandeis.edu Chris Wilson‚ cwilson@brandeis.edu Meetings: Lecture 10:00 – 10:50 am‚ MWH‚ location TBA Recitation 7:30 – 9:20 pm‚ H‚ location TBA Textbook: Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry by Nelson and Cox‚ 4th or 5th Ed. Learning
Premium Metabolism Amino acid Protein
Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus (DM) – “a chronic‚ progressive disease characterized by the body’s inability to metabolize carbohydrates‚ fats‚ and proteins‚ leading to hyperglycaemia (high blood glucose level)” (Black & Hawks‚ 2009‚ p. 1062) Epidemiology: Pathophysiology Overview According to Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System‚ “[i]n 2008/09‚ close to 2.4 million Canadians aged 1 yr and older were living w/ diagnosed diabetes (either type 1 or type 2)” making diabetes as one
Free Insulin Diabetes mellitus
1. Which of the following is NOT an essential nutrient? A) water B) alcohol C) vitamins D) minerals 2. Which of the following is a micronutrient? A) carbohydrates B) vitamins C) lipids D) alcohol 3. Christopher’s lunch contains 121 grams of carbohydrate‚ 40 grams of protein‚ and 25 grams of fat. What percent of kilocalories in this meal come from fat? A) 19% B) 26% C) 34% D) 42% 4. The building blocks of proteins are called: A) fatty acids.
Free Nutrition Carbohydrate Glucose
Aldehyde and Ketone 1. ALDEHYDE Definition: An aldehyde is an organic compound containing a formyl group. This functional group‚ with the structure R-CHO‚ consists of a carbonyl center (a carbon double bonded to oxygen) bonded to hydrogen and an R group‚ which is any generic alkyl or side chain. The group without R is called the aldehyde group or formyl group. Aldehydes differ from ketones in that the carbonyl is placed at the end of a carbon skeleton rather than between two carbon atoms
Premium Carboxylic acid Alcohol Citric acid cycle
Enzymes‚ ATP‚ Hereditary Fructose Intolerance WGU Role of enzymes in processes The role of an enzyme is to catalyze a chemical reaction. Usually an enzyme increases the rate of speed of a reaction. Enzymes break down molecules in our body faster than they would normally break down without enzymes. Enzymes work at specific temperatures and pH levels. (Wolfe‚ 2000). For example‚ a stomach enzyme works better in a more acidic environment‚ whereas intestinal enzymes work
Premium Adenosine triphosphate Glycolysis Cellular respiration
Unit 1 Case Study Addison’s disease is from a result from damage to the adrenal cortex. These two adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys‚ where they are enclosed in a fibrous capsule and a cushion of fat. . The have an outer portion‚ called the cortex‚ which is a glandular tissue derived from embryonic mesoderm. The inner portion called the medulla‚ which is more like a knot of nervous tissue than a gland and it is part of the sympathetic nervous system. The adrenal
Premium Cortisol
Homeostasis‚ also spelled homoeostasis (from Greek: ὅμοιος‚ "hómoios"‚ "similar")‚ is the property of a system in which variables are regulated so that internal conditions remain stable and relatively constant. Examples of homeostasis include the regulation of temperature and the balance between acidity and alkalinity (pH). It is a process that maintains the stability of the human body’s internal environment in response to changes in external conditions. The concept was described by Claude Bernard
Premium Homeostasis Blood sugar Organism
Disaccharides Sucrose A crystalline disaccharide of fructose and glucose‚ C12H22O11‚ found in many plants but extracted as ordinary sugar mainly from sugarcane and sugar beets‚ widely used as a sweetener or preservative and in the manufacture of plastics and soaps‚ also called saccharose. Sucrose is one of the main products of photosynthesis and the most common transport sugar in plants. It is also a no reducing disaccharide‚ and is synthesized in the cytosol via the phosphorylated intermediate
Free Glucose Carbohydrate Sugar
Introduction Diabetes A group of metabolic disease characterized by elevated level of glucose in the blood resulting from defects in insulin secretion‚ insulin action or both. It is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin. Basic pathology is Insulin
Free Insulin Diabetes mellitus