Action of enzymes as catalysts in biochemical processes * Enzymes acts as catalyst and increase the rate of all the chemical reactions. * Enzymes are also described by two properties like all other catalysts. It composed of two main functions. * The first function is that‚ they increase the rate of chemical reactions by without consumed themselves or undergo any change or alteration in the reaction. . ( Zemitec et‚al 2008). * The second function is‚ they increase reaction rates
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glucose uptake by increasing transporters in muscle and adipose tissue and by increasing glucokinase activity in the liver. Insulin will also activate glycogen synthetase to promote glycogen production in the liver and muscle. Glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis will be inhibited as well. All these will cause the decrease in blood glucose level to
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1) Introduction Shock is a syndrome‚ in which oxygen supply to various tissues and organs of the body are interrupted.1 It represents the final common pathway‚ of a variety of potentially lethal diseases and conditions.2‚3 It is a medical emergency‚ involving acute tissue hypoperfusion and cellular destruction‚ and will ultimately lead to organ failure and death‚ if left untreated.2‚3 Despite a huge amount of research into understanding the syndrome‚ it remains a very common clinical condition
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BASIC CONCEPTS IN BIOCHEMISTRY A STUDENT’S SURVIVAL GUIDE Second Edition HIRAM F. GILBERT‚ Ph.D. Professor of Biochemistry Baylor College of Medicine Houston‚ Texas McGraw-Hill Health Professions Division New York St. Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogotá Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi San Juan Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto • • • • • • • • • • • • BASIC CONCEPTS IN BIOCHEMISTRY‚ 2/E Copyright © 2000‚ 1992 by the McGraw-Hill Companies‚ Inc. All rights
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SYLLABUS BCHM 100A: INTRODUCTION TO BIOCHEMISTRY FALL 2012 Instructor: Emily Westover‚ westover@brandeis.edu Kosow 108‚ ext. 6-2304 Office Hours: M 11-1‚ W 1-2‚ or by appointment Assistants: Vy Nguyen‚ vnguyen@brandeis.edu Rick Roy‚ rroy@brandeis.edu Chris Wilson‚ cwilson@brandeis.edu Meetings: Lecture 10:00 – 10:50 am‚ MWH‚ location TBA Recitation 7:30 – 9:20 pm‚ H‚ location TBA Textbook: Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry by Nelson and Cox‚ 4th or 5th Ed. Learning
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Nutritional science investigates the metabolic and physiological responses of the body to diet. With advances in the fields of molecular biology‚ biochemistry‚ nutritional immunology‚ molecular medicine and genetics‚ the study of nutrition is increasingly concerned with metabolism and metabolic pathways: the sequences of biochemical steps through which substances in living things change from one form to another. Carnivore and herbivore diets are contrasting‚ with basic nitrogen and carbon proportions
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Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus (DM) – “a chronic‚ progressive disease characterized by the body’s inability to metabolize carbohydrates‚ fats‚ and proteins‚ leading to hyperglycaemia (high blood glucose level)” (Black & Hawks‚ 2009‚ p. 1062) Epidemiology: Pathophysiology Overview According to Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System‚ “[i]n 2008/09‚ close to 2.4 million Canadians aged 1 yr and older were living w/ diagnosed diabetes (either type 1 or type 2)” making diabetes as one
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1. Which of the following is NOT an essential nutrient? A) water B) alcohol C) vitamins D) minerals 2. Which of the following is a micronutrient? A) carbohydrates B) vitamins C) lipids D) alcohol 3. Christopher’s lunch contains 121 grams of carbohydrate‚ 40 grams of protein‚ and 25 grams of fat. What percent of kilocalories in this meal come from fat? A) 19% B) 26% C) 34% D) 42% 4. The building blocks of proteins are called: A) fatty acids.
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Aldehyde and Ketone 1. ALDEHYDE Definition: An aldehyde is an organic compound containing a formyl group. This functional group‚ with the structure R-CHO‚ consists of a carbonyl center (a carbon double bonded to oxygen) bonded to hydrogen and an R group‚ which is any generic alkyl or side chain. The group without R is called the aldehyde group or formyl group. Aldehydes differ from ketones in that the carbonyl is placed at the end of a carbon skeleton rather than between two carbon atoms
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Enzymes‚ ATP‚ Hereditary Fructose Intolerance WGU Role of enzymes in processes The role of an enzyme is to catalyze a chemical reaction. Usually an enzyme increases the rate of speed of a reaction. Enzymes break down molecules in our body faster than they would normally break down without enzymes. Enzymes work at specific temperatures and pH levels. (Wolfe‚ 2000). For example‚ a stomach enzyme works better in a more acidic environment‚ whereas intestinal enzymes work
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