Metformin. Decreasing circulating insulin levels may likely reduce ovarian androgen synthesis. Metformin diminishes glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia by increasing insulin sensitivity at the insulin target cells and decreasing hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis. It can also be used to avoid and control type 2 diabetes mellitus. When all these measures are taken‚ ovulation can be induced
Premium Menstrual cycle
modified. Medications can be prescribed for diabetic patients in order to control their glucose levels. A biguanide known as Metformin is taken to increase hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity and decrease glucose production by reducing gluconeogenesis. A sulfonylurea known as Glipizide is taken to stimulate the release of insulin from beta cells in the pancreas‚ reduce glucose from the liver and serum glucagon‚ as well as increase sensitivity of target
Premium Myocardial infarction Hypertension Blood vessel
b. increased transcription of the Na channel gene c. increase the activity of Na/K ATPase d. none of the above 5. Which of the following is a type of posttranslational modification? a. glycolysis b. glycogenolysis c. glycosylation d. gluconeogenesis 6. H bonds important in the secondary structure of proteins are produced because of polar covalent bonds involving: a. phosphate b. nitrogen c. oxygen d. both b and c 7. Denaturing a protein: a. can be caused by inappropriate
Premium Signal transduction
hGH - Human Growth Hormone 1. Produced by Anterior Pituitary Gland 2. Targets of hGH are Bone‚ muscle‚ skin‚ adipose tissue and liver 3. Effects of hGH are to promote protein synthesis‚ encourage use of fats for fuel‚ and elevate blood glucose by decreasing uptake and increasing glycogen breakdown 4. Regulation of hGH is hormonal 5. hGH is a protein 6. hGH is water soluble 7. hGH is protein kinase activation 8. Endocrine disorders - Hyper secretion causes Giantism in children and Acromegaly
Premium Hypothalamus Endocrine system
MUSCLE FATIGUE HOW DO MUSCLES GET THE ENERGY TO WORK? In muscles‚ it is essential that Calcium is present‚ as this gives the muscles the ability to contract and relax. For muscles to contract energy is needed: the energy can only be provided by the breakdown of a chemical called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). As ATP is broken down‚ a phosphate molecule is broken off‚ reducing the phosphate molecules‚ from 3 to 2. This produces adenosine triphosphate. However for the muscles contraction to continue
Free Cellular respiration Adenosine triphosphate Muscle
The endocrine system The endocrine system is a collection of ductless glands which are positioned through the whole body. The endocrine glands pass their secretions of hormones directly into the blood stream so that they are always adjacent to blood vessels. Hormones are chemicals in the body produced and secreted in the body that regulate the function of a particular tissue or organ (Bing dictionary). These chemical messengers transfer information from one set of cells to another. Despite many
Premium Endocrine system Endocrine gland
down into aldosterone‚ cortisol‚ and androgens.iv The cortisol is bound together with a protein and together they are called glucocorticoids.iv This has many important jobs in the body. Some of the jobs of the glucocorticoids are to stimulate gluconeogenesis‚ mobilizes fatty acids and amino acids‚ elevate red blood cells and platelets‚ decrease cellular glucose use‚ and to cause anti-inflammatory effects.iv Without cortisol the liver doesn’t store glycogen as well‚ there is an increase of insulin
Premium Cortisol
HORMONES Hormones are a class of regulatory biochemicals produced in all multicellular organisms by glands‚ and transported by the circulatory system to a distant target organ to coordinate its physiology and behavior. They serve as a major form of communication between different organs and tissues. Hormones regulate a variety of physiological and behavioral activities‚ including digestion‚ metabolism‚ respiration‚ tissue function‚ sensory perception‚ sleep‚excretion‚ lactation‚ stress‚ growth and
Premium Hypothalamus Endocrine system Hormone
BIO2114 Final Exam Review 1. List the endocrine glands and the hormones they secrete. 2. What are the two major types of hormone based on structure? 3. What are the factors that can affect the response of target cells to a hormone? 4. Review the examples of hypersecretion and hyposecretion of some hormones and the disease states that result 5. Know the function or action of every hormone. 6. Know what structures are targeted by each hormone. 7. Know the major
Free Blood Immune system Blood type
Biochemistry - Metabolism Enzyme Function and Activation Energy (Chapter 6 - Enzyme function and activation energy‚ n.d.) Induced Fit Model (Hudon-Miller‚ Enzymes‚ 2013) Why Does Aldolase B Deficiency Lead to HFI? • Understanding what happens to Glucose and Fructose in the liver is the first step. • Glucose enters the liver cell and Glucokinase is in the cytoplasm and adds a Phosphate (Pi) to make G-6-P to keep the glucose in the liver cell‚ which then becomes G-1-P and can be
Premium Glycolysis Adenosine triphosphate Cellular respiration