REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE • Literature Review is the documentation of a comprehensive review of the published and unpublished work from secondary sources of data in the areas of specific interest to the researcher. • The main aim is to find out problems that are already investigated and those that need further investigation. • It is an extensive survey of all available past studies relevant to the field of investigation. • It gives us knowledge about what others have found out in the related
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References: Books: Management by Harold Koontz‚ Heinz Weihrich and Mark V. Cannice. Q6: (1)http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/30/business/worldbusiness/30iht-lexus.html?_r=0 Q4: (2)www.qna.rediff.com
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et al.‚ 2000‚ p. 41). Frederick W. Taylor (1856-1917)‚ Henri Fayol (1841-1925) and Elton Mayo (1880-1949) are recognized as important early management theorists‚ although each built to some extent on the work of earlier writers (for example‚ see Koontz and O’Donnell‚ 1972‚ p. 21; Robbins et al.‚ 2000‚ pp. 51-54). They are recognized not only for their own contributions‚ but as founders of recognized schools of management thought‚ and as important influences on later theorists (Lock and Farrow‚
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Leadership can be defined as a process by which one individual influences others toward the attainment of group or organizational goals. According to Harold Koontz and Heinz Weihrich‚ “Leadership is the art or process of influencing people so that they will strive willingly and enthusiastically so towards the achievement of group goals.” Leadership as a concept has been widely and extensively discussed by various experts‚ professors and authors. All these researches and discussions have given
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The "War" of Religion and Science Due to Their Similarities and Differences Samantha Pavlakos Ms. Smith Period 6 English Term Paper March 13‚ 2000 Outline Thesis: In the book Phantoms‚ Dean Koontz relates the "war" between religion and science through the defeat of a supernatural being. I. Religion A. Similarities to science from the theological view B. Differences to science from the theological view 1. Why they are different from the theological view
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Self-Assessment Questions 1. _________________ is the art of getting things done through others. a) Management b) Planning c) Organizing d) Staffing 2. In Peter Drucker’s words “Without management a country’s ___________________ of production remain as _______________ and never become production.” a) GDP b) Resources c) Materials d) People 3. Management principles are __________________ in nature a) Practical b) Reliable c) Universal d) Impractical 4. Producing higher output for a given input
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accurately “looking over” i.e.‚ making sure people do what they are supposed to do. More broadly‚ management is the process of designing and maintaining and environment in which individuals‚ working together in groups‚ efficiently accomplish selected aims (Koontz and Weihrich 1990‚ p. 4) In nascent cultures almost every individual had to do manual labor. To avoid this burden from their shoulders‚ every person remains with the choices of going into politics or religion. Educated metropolitan societies headed
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California Press. Chapter One. Stuart Hall. 1996. Modernity: an introduction to modern societies. Wiley-Blackwell. Pp 282 – 284. Huczynski‚ A and Buchanan‚ D. 2001. Organizational Behaviour: An Introductory Text. Prentice Hall. Pp 281 Crainer‚ S Harold Koontz and Heinz Weihrich. 2006. Essentials Of Management. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. pp290 Stern S Peters‚ Tom & Waterman‚ Robert. (1988) In Search Of Excellence. Harper & Row Publications Ritzer‚ G Morgan‚ G. 1986. Images of Organisations. Sage publications
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The role of a Strategic Leader in an Organization Herman A. Mason Jones International University Abstract The notion of management has been in existence since time immemorial‚ and so has the concept of strategy‚ which finds it roots in military parlance. It was the responsibility of the military leader to organize and plan his military engagements in
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INTRODUCTION The local government system is specially designed to bring governance close to the people at the grassroots. The need to enhance efficiency and workability of the system led to the reforms in the local government administration in Nigeria. In spite of these reforms the system has neither brought the much desired results especially in transforming the rural areas nor checked corruption which thrives in Nigeria. Indeed‚ one area where the system has suffered severe dislocations is in
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