(N) end to the carboxyl-terminal (C). Secondary structure Most proteins have segments of their polypeptide chain repeatedly coiled of folded in patterns. These coiled & folded referred as secondary structure. types of secondary structure : α-helix Rigid‚ rod like structure when a polypeptides chain twists into a right-handed helical conformation. . β-pleated sheet Form when two or more polypeptide chain segments line up side by side.. β-pleated sheet stabilized by hydrogen bonds form between
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INTRODUCTION Levels of organization (cell to biosphere) and characteristics of life Levels: Cells->tissue ->organs & organ systems->organisms->populations->communities->ecosystems-> biosphere Characteristics of life: Cell and Organization: Each cell can only do the job it is tasked with. Example: brain cells Energy Use and Metabolism: Energy is needed many organisms. Energy is utilized in chemical reactions Response to Environmental Changes: responds to stimuli Regulation and Homeostasis: ex:
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What is biotechnology? Contrary to its name‚ biotechnology is not a single technology. Rather it is a group of technologies that share two (common) characteristics -- working with living cells and their molecules and having a wide range of practice uses that can improve our lives. Biotechnology can be broadly defined as "using organisms or their products for commercial purposes." As such‚ (traditional) biotechnology has been practices since he beginning of records history. (It has been used to:)
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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double helix structure which is delicately wrapped around balls of proteins called histones forming x-shaped bundles that duplicate‚ called chromosomes. This DNA is packed in about forty-six chromosome bundles‚ and instructs cells how to work and what to do‚ such as responding to different things‚ starting from the food you eat to the germs and chemicals you come in contact with. The DNA’s ladder consists of a double helix staircase-like structure with rails of sugar
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Introduction: With the execution of this experiment‚ we began to go deeper into the Cell and Molecular Biology course. The main focus of the experiment would be how the Restriction Endonucleases cleave the strands of DNA. For this experiment‚ pBR322 was the specimen to use. Restriction Endonucleases work by cleaving the sugar phosphate backbone of specific DNA sites. Restriction enzymes that have been isolated from bacteria have a defensive role. This idea is illustrated when an attacking foreign
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Chapter 3 Molecules of Life I. Carbon 1. 6 electrons- (4 valence) has the ability to bond with 4 other elements 2. Hydrocarbons- (contains only C & H) 3. Asymmetric carbon- attached to 4 different atoms or groups of atoms II. Isomers - Compounds having the same molecular formula but different structure and properties 1. Structural- differ in covalent arrangement of their atoms and may differ in location of double bonds 2. Geometric- same structure different arrangement 3. Enantiomer/stereoisomer
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Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a ubiquitous family of large biological molecules that perform multiple vital roles in the coding‚ decoding‚ regulation‚ and expression of genes. Together with DNA‚ RNA comprises the nucleic acids‚ which‚ along with proteins‚ constitute the three major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. Like DNA‚ RNA is assembled as a chain of nucleotides‚ but is usually single-stranded. Cellular organisms use messenger RNA (mRNA) to convey genetic information (often notated
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angle shaft load (resultant force of tangential force and separating force)‚ N {kgf} Ka：Parallel load on shaft‚ N {kgf} H ：Transmission force ‚ kW -1 n ：Rotational speed‚ min Dp：Gear pitch circle diameter‚ mm α：Gear pressure angle‚ deg β：Gear helix angle‚ deg A method of calculating loads that act upon shafts that convey dynamic force‚ which is the primary application of bearings‚ is provided herein. 4.1 Load acting on shafts 4.1.1 Load factor There are many instances where the actual
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Symmetry Symmetry has two meanings. The first is a vague sense of harmonious and beautiful proportion and balance.[1][2] The second is an exact mathematical "patterned self-similarity" that can be demonstrated with the rules of a formal system‚ such as geometry or physics. Although these two meanings of "symmetry" can sometimes be told apart‚ they are related‚ so they are here discussed together.[2] Mathematical symmetry may be observed * with respect to the passage of time; * as a spatial
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FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA D’Arcy v Myriad Genetics Inc [2014] FCAFC 115 Citation: D’Arcy v Myriad Genetics Inc [2014] FCAFC 115 Appeal from: Cancer Voices Australia v Myriad Inc [2013] FCA 65 Parties: YVONNE D’ARCY v MYRIAD GENETICS INC and GENETIC TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED File number: NSD 359 of 2013 Judges: ALLSOP CJ‚ DOWSETT‚ KENNY‚ BENNETT & MIDDLETON JJ Date of judgment: 5 September 2014 Catchwords: PATENTS – Patent including claims for isolated nucleic
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