FINAL-TERM PAPER: HOFLING HOSPITAL EXPERIMENT Cassandra N. Phillips Keiser University December 11‚ 2012 PSY 1012-Introduction to Psychology Professor Balkaran HOFLING HOSPITAL EXPERIMENT In 1966‚ the psychiatrist Charles K. Hofling conducted a two-part experiment that was inspired by Milgram’s research in obedience (Milgram‚ S.‚ 1963 & 1965). It consisted of a survey and field study on obedience in the nurse-physician relationship. Primarily‚ what happens when nurses
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HOFLING HOSPITAL EXPERIMENT Hofling 1966 He wanted to see if nurses would follow orders given by an authority figure (Doctor) when the orders are given over the phone and would be breaking regulations. To study obedience in a real life setting. -The experiment involved public and private hospital wards. In Hospital ONE; 21 student nurses and 12 graduate nurses were asked to complete a questionnaire asking them what they would do if confronted by the experimental situation. This was to be the control
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leading scientists of the 1960’s tried to answer. At the heart of the cycle of enquiry stands Stanley Milgram with his initial experiment on obedience performed in 1963. The research results were so notorious that it determined scientists like Charles Hofling to replicate the study‚ and in 1966‚ he completed a conceptual replication of Milgram’s experiment. First we will look at how the two studies explore a similar topic using a different design and experimental condition‚ and second‚ we will explore
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situation where obedience is being demanded. For example‚ in Steven Rank & Cardell Jacobson’s replication of the Hofling Experiment (1966) in 1977‚ nurses who were allowed to consult to whether give an overdose of an unknown drug to a patient to other nurses‚ showed much lower levels of obedience than those nurses who were not allowed to consultation in the Hofling Experiment (Class Hand-out: Hofling Experiment (1966)‚ p. 3). Another external factor which can influence obedience behaviour is whether the
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21 simply completed the telephone call and gave the patient 20 mg of Astroten. The average length of telephone call was around 2 minutes. This indicates that the nurses offered no resistance and simply followed the orders of an authority figure. Hofling had shown that people are obedient in real-life and in life-threatening
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Knowledge Rules: http://www.helium.com/items/825101-understanding-gang-mentality-and-why-people- Kowalski‚ R.‚ & Westen‚ D. (2011). Psychology (6th ed.). Hoboken‚ NJ: Wiley. McLeod‚ S. (2008). Hofling Obedience Experiment. Retrieved June 25‚ 2012‚ from SimplyPsychology: http://www.simplypsychology.org/hofling-obedience.html Velden‚ F. S. (2007). Majority and Minority influence in Group Negotiations: The Moderating Effects of Social Motivation and Decision Rules. Journal of Applied Psychology‚ 92(1)
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Discuss ethical issues arising from studies of obedience to authority. Ethics are standards which distinguish between what is right and wrong‚ and psychological studies must comply with certain ethical guidelines. Studies face issues regarding whether the study is acceptable and justified. Some of these guidelines include deception‚ consent‚ psychological harm‚ right to withdraw‚ confidentiality and a thorough debriefing‚ which were produced to help psychologists resolve ethical issues in research
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Lesley Rawlins The end justifies the means The end justifies the means is an expression that is often used in society to validate or excuse distasteful and objectionable actions undertaken by its people. In effect‚ the phrase is a justification for dispensing with all morality and principle in the passage towards a successful conclusion. The Greek writer Sophocles wrote in Electra 409 BC “the end excuses any evil." This was a thought later considered‚ by the Roman poet Ovid‚ ‘the
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psychology. American Psychologist‚ 64‚ 12-19. Burger‚ J.M. (2009). Replication Milgram: would people still obey today? American Psychologist‚ 64‚ 1-11. Gross‚ R. (2010). Psychology: The science of mind and behaviour (sixth edition). Hodder Education. Hofling‚ C.K. MD.; Brotzman‚ E. R.N‚ M.S; Dalrymple‚ S. R.N.‚ M.A.; Graves. N. R.N.‚ M.S.; Pierce C. M. MD. (1966). An experimental study in nurse-physician relationships. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease‚ 143 (2)‚ 171-180. Milgram‚ S. (1963). Behavioral
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the researcher because he was dressed in a lab coat with a clipboard to show his authority‚ but the setting of the experiment also gave the researcher authority as the setting was inside Yale University. Another support experiment was done by Hofling. Hofling found that obedience to authority is still very high as his study of the 22 nurses; all but one nurse obeyed the unknown doctor and went to administer double the allowed dose of an unknown drug. Rank and Jacobson questioned the validity of Hofling’s
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