Obedience is when an individual responds to an order from an authority figure. A key study that has looked into research is one carried out by Milgrams in 1963. The aim of the experiment was investigate whether ordinary people will obey a legitimate authority figure even when required to injure an innocent person. Milgrams recruited 40 male participants by advertising for volunteers to take part in his study. Each participant would be paid $4.50. The experiment consisted of one ‘real’ participant
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participants. However‚ Milgram defended his study and his work was judged ethically acceptable by the American Psychological Association. A replication of Milgram’s study in a real-life work environment: the experiment of Charles Hofling To verify and confirm Milgram’s results‚ Hofling carried out an experiment. Twenty-two nurses were asked by a doctor‚ over the phone‚ to give 20mg of Astroten (a drug that does not exist) to a patient. The nurses did not know the doctor personally and on the drug’s label
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Orne and Holland (1968) said it lacked experimental realism/validity as the participants were responding to the demand characteristics through cues. The findings cannot be generalised outside the laboratory as it was not in a natural setting. Hofling Hospital
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Milgram (1963) claimed that destructive obedience is not a consequence of moral weakness or an evil character; rather it is a response to a particular set of situational factors. Evaluate this statement. In order to evaluate this statement it is important to first understand what Milgram meant. This essay will first consider what is meant by destructive obedience and briefly look at Milgram’s work. It will then look at what is inferred by situational factors‚ focusing on conformity‚ socialisation
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is not evil people who commit atrocities but ordinary people who are just obeying orders‚ therefore this can explain why German soldiers were so harsh and inhumane during the Holocaust. Milgram’s study has been supported by many other studies. Hofling et al (1966) conducted a study in a hospital; Dr Smith gave instructions on the telephone to the Nurses and gave orders to overdose a patient with a drug called Astroten. 21 out of 22 nurses obeyed‚ therefore this study supported that obedience does
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1) “Milgrams`s research is of no value because it was conducted in a laboratory” Discuss the methodological difficulties faced by social psychologists conducting research in a laboratory (5 marks) |Have you? Please tick. | | | |Made your point
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Abstract Conformity‚ peer pressure and obedience are an on-going issue in almost every society. This essay looks into three areas of social influences‚ namely: conformity (which involves changing ones thoughts or behaviours to align with someone else’s)‚ compliance (which involves changing behaviour due to requests made by someone) and obedience (which involves a change in behaviour in response to another’s order). The purpose of the essay is to look at the similarities and differences between the
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Milgram (1963) Past-paper Questions 1. In the Milgram study on obedience‚ the subjects were observed to show a lot of tension. a. Give one example of the behaviour of the subjects that indicated extreme tension. (2) Any one from: Fidgeting‚ agitation‚ asking if learner was being harmed‚ trying to stop‚ pausing. b. Milgram suggested that the tension was caused by the conflicts produced by the study. Outline one of these conflicts. (2) One
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The Psychology of Persuasion Plan of School Event by Psychological Theme Topic and Event Among the huge range of psychological themes‚ in order to bring an event to school it is necessary to choose a topic not too theoretical. At least one goal is to evoke student’s interest in Psychology. A good way to do so is to try to link already existing knowledge with new views and facts. I chose as a topic “The Psychology of Persuasion” because I think it’s a popular opinion among people and already
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dramatically to only 20.5% giving the high voltage shocks. Participants were found to cheat saying that they had administered the shock when they had not‚ while some opted to give a lower shock. However‚ this set of results can be put into question as Hofling (1966) found contrasting results with a higher level of ecological validly. A naturalistic study was carried out to investigate the obedience of nurses when orders were sent by phone by a unknown doctor. Taking these orders would go against 5 significant
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