excess aluminum is reacted with a given mass of a copper salt (Copper Chloride dihydrate)‚ and the mole-to-mole ratio between the reactant and the product of a chemical reaction. Apparatus * 150ml beaker * Stirring rod * Ruler * Hotplate * Tweezers * 50ml graduated cylinder Materials * Copper (II) chloride dehydrate * Aluminum foil Procedure 1) Determine the mass of a clean 150ml beaker. 2) Add 2g of copper (II) chloride dehydrate 3) Add
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calculate the number of moles of an unknown mass from its mass and molecular mass To know how to dilute a solution and the effect of dilution on the solution’s absorbance Materials: Copper Sulfate Coloured solution – Potassium Manganate (KMnO4) Hotplate Method: Part A: The Formula of Hydrated Copper (II) Sulfate Firstly‚ about 1.0 g of hydrated copper (II) sulfate was put in the weighing bottle and the colour was noted. The mass of capped weighing bottle and hydrated copper (II) sulfate in
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Specific Heat Lab Objective: Find the specific heat of the unknown metal given using calorimetry. Background Theory: In every reaction‚ energy is transferred between a system and its environment. A system encompasses the substances that are involved in a reaction‚ and everything else in the universe other than the system is called the environment. The standard SI unit of energy is Joules (J). Temperature is the level of excitement of the atoms in a substance. In most cases‚ energy is
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crushed in a 150 mL beaker with a rod until its consistency looked like that of sand. The crushed Gelusil was then poured and dissolved in a 100 mL beaker of hydrochloric acid (HCl). The beaker with the newly dissolved antacid was then placed on a hotplate; magnetic stir rods were then added into the beaker with the solution. Once the substance was fully dissolved‚ it was poured into three 100 mL beakers. The beakers containing the Gelusil antacid were filled with 25 mL of HCl. Three drops of an indicator
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is about 53 degrees Celsius (127 Fahrenheit). A melting/freezing point is the equilibrium of a solid to a liquid or a liquid to a solid. Materials: The materials used during this experiment are two beakers‚ three-fourths of tap water in each‚ a hotplate‚ a test tube containing Paradichlorobenzene‚ two thermometers‚ a timer‚ a clamp‚ and a ring stand. Methods/Procedure: The procedure used for this experiment was detailed on the handout entitled ‘’Melting Temperature of a Pure Substance’’. No changes
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to be 127 g/mol with a percent error of 94.2%. Possible sources of error inherent to this segment of the experiment were the fact that when the temperature of the solution was being measured‚ the calorimeter was placed near the hotplate by mistake. The heat from the hotplate could have transferred to the calorimeter‚ which would result in an increased temperature. This explains why the percent error for the specific heat capacity was negative. Another source of error is that the hole in the lid of
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Factors Influencing Rate of Reaction Aim To investigate several effects believed to influence rate of reaction‚ concentration of a substance and temperature‚ and observe the effects. Hypothesis Concentration and temperature will both increase the rate of reaction in accordance with collision theory. Introduction The reaction rate or rate of reaction for a reactant or product in any given reaction can be defined as the speed with which a reaction occurs. For example‚ the oxidation of iron
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peroxide and 5 mL of water. Place each tube in each of the following water baths for 10 mins 0 degrees C: 400 mL beaker filled with ice water 23 degrees C: No bath 37 degrees C: Place in bath 70 degrees C: Place in bath 100 degrees C: Obtain hotplate and heat water Add 10 drops of enzyme solution to all test tubes Part c: Place three clean test tubes in a rack and
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Because of this‚ I hypothesized that all of fraction A and most of fraction B consisted of the low boiling point compound. As I raised the temperature of the hotplate‚ I was able to collect fraction C‚ and I predicted that it was composed of mostly the high boiling point liquid. To test this‚ the experiment called for the use of gas chromatography. The chromatography would not only show the relative concentrations
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Experiment 10 – Enzymes Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts for biological reactions. Enzymes‚ like all catalysts‚ speed up reactions without being used up themselves. They do this by lowering the activation energy of a reaction. All biochemical reactions are catalyzed by enzymes. Since enzymes are proteins‚ they can be denatured in a variety of ways‚ so they are most active under mild conditions. Most enzymes have optimum activity at a neutral pH and at body temperature. Enzymes are
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