is present in the greater amount. In an aqueous solution‚ water is the solvent. * Polar solvents tend to dissolve polar solutes‚ and nonpolar solvents tend to dissolve nonpolar solutes. * When a molecule dissolves in solution‚ the chemical bonds of the molecule remain intact. * When an ionic compound dissolves in solution‚ the lattice dissolves and the ions are surrounded by water molecules. * An electrolyte is an ion dissolved in water. Solution Concentration * Concentration
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Describe the preparation and reactions of alkenes. 7. Propose mechanism on preparation; dehydration of alcohol 8. Define carbocation‚ electrophile and Markovnikov’s Rule. 9. Propose mechanism on reaction addition of cold sulphuric acid and Hydrogen halide Alkanes Nomenclature of Alkanes Sources & Importance of Alkanes A. Natural Gas Consists of 90-95% methane with lesser amounts of ethane and other low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons. B. Petroleum Liquid mixture of
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Individual properties of substances also affect reaction rates. The scope of these properties is broad and there are few generalizations that you can apply consistently. Some of the properties in this category are state of matter‚ molecular size‚ bond type and bond strength. How to measure the rate of reaction There are two ways to measure the rate of a reaction: 1. measure the rate at which a reactant is used up 2. measure the rate at which a product is formed The method chosen depends on the reaction
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Edexcel A2 Chemistry Questions and Answers Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Unit 4 Rates‚ equilibria and further organic chemistry Multiple-choice questions ..............................................................................7 Structured questions . . . . . . . . . . . .
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will dissolve in the hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas. This is because magnesium is higher than hydrogen in the reactivity series. Therefore‚ when the two reactants are combined‚ a displacement reaction occus and the magnesium displaces the hydrogen‚ forming magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas. Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq) -> MgCl 2 (aq) + H 2 (g) Magnesium + Hydrochloric acid -> Magnesium Chloride + Hydrogen Aim The aim of this investigation is to observe
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8.4 Water 8.4.1 Water is distributed on Earth as a solid‚ liquid and gas y y y Define the terms solute‚ solvent and solution Solution a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances Solute a substance that is dissolved in another substance or the component of a solution present in a lower amount. Solvent a substance which can dissolve another substance or the component of a solution present in a greater amount. Identify the importance of water as a solvent Water is essential as a reactant
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Purpose: The purpose of the lab was to investigate and demonstrate hydrogen bonding and London dispersion bonding in water and rubbing alcohol. Hypothesis: I believe water will have the greater surface tension because rubbing alcohol’s density is lower than water’s. Materials: * Water * Isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol) * Pennies * Paper clips * Flasks * Cups or jars * Wax paper * Eyedropper Procedures: Part 1: Surface tension and vortex: * Fill
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had nine favourable non bond interactions between the toxin and antimicrobial peptide and a global energy -43.23 kcal/mol. The N of Gly22‚ OG1 of Thr42 and OD1 of Asn69 of Diphtheria toxin form conventional hydrogen bonds with O of Ala6‚ O of MSE1 and N of MSE1 respectively of Microcin C7. The CE1 of His21 and CA of Ala62 of Diphtheria toxin form carbon hydrogen bond with O of Asn5 and O of Asn7 respectively of Microcin C7. Tyr65 of Diphtheria toxin forms electrostatic non bond with OXT of Asn7 of Microcin
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electron transfer occurs‚ for example those reactions that involves covalent bonds. Reduction reactions can be determined through three features. The first is a loss of oxygen from a bond or loss of a bond to oxygen as in the case of carbon-oxygen double bond to a carbon-oxygen single bond. The second is the addition of hydrogen to a bond and thirdly‚ the replacement of a more electronegative atom with carbon or hydrogen. In redox reactions‚ the reductant (or reducing agent) loses electrons and
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complex compounds of carbon. Because carbon atoms bond to one another easily‚ the basis of most organic compounds is comprised of carbon chains that vary in length and shape. Hydrogen‚ nitrogen‚ and oxygen atoms are the most common atoms that are generally attached to the carbon atoms. Each carbon atom has 4 as its valence number which increases the complexity of the compounds that are formed. Since carbon atoms are able to create double and triple bonds with other atoms‚ it further also raises the likelihood
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