early atmosphere - earth roughly 4 billion yrs old - created by volcanoes erupting + releasing gases - contained mostly co2 + water vapour - earth cooled + water vapour condensed to form oceans - co2 dissolved into oceans + used to form marine organism shells which were compacted to form sedimentary rock - plants evolved to photosynthesise‚ takingin co2 + releasing oxygen - scientists don’t kno where all nitrogen came from bc they weren’t there to record evidence but most theories suggest
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Discussion and Scientific Explanations The reaction was conducted using granular tin and hydrochloric acid. This mixture provided both a source of electrons and protons1. The electrons worked as the reducing agent in this mechanism1. Granular tin was chosen over a single plate of tin due to the fact that it would take much more time and effort to fully dissolve a single plate of tin. A plate of tin would be more bonded to each other and less likely to be reactive. With the addition of the concentrated
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states between the various C-H bonds. One thing to know is that these energies are directed by both a statistical factor and an energy factor. To elaborate on what statistical factor is the number of hydrogen atoms that will be replaced creating specific constitutional isomers. In comparison‚ energy factor is determined by the strength of the type of C-H bond being broken‚ also known as the relative reactivity. Normally‚ primary bonds are stronger than secondary bonds‚ but is not the case when a chloro
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N‚N-Dimethylanaline to form the product both sodium carbonate and concentrated HCl was added to sulfanilic acid. The sodium carbonate accepts a hydrogen from sulfanilic acid a zwitterion therefore making it much more reactive later in the reaction. The concentrated HCl was used to form a nitrosonium ion from sodium nitrate. The oxygen attacks two hydrogen ions in solution and leaves as a water molecule. This process created the nitrosonium ion that reacts with the activated sulfanilic acid to create
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bases are important in inorganic syntheses because bonds are usually formed between an electron-deficient Lewis base and electron-rich Lewis acid in the absence of compounds that are unable to donate protons. There are two types of boron-hydrogen bonds‚ in which the classical B-H bond is a 2-center-2-electron bond similar to the carbon-hydrogen bond. The non-classical bond‚ however‚ has two electrons formed between two boron atoms and one hydrogen atom‚ making it a 3-center-2-electron bond1. Although
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(including your name above) it will expand as you write. Activity 1 1-1: Insert the chemical symbol in the answer blank for each of the following elements. ____ 1. oxygen ____ 2. carbon ____ 3. potassium ____ 4. iodine ____ 5. hydrogen ____ 6. nitrogen ____ 7. calcium ____ 8. sodium ____ 9. phosphorus ____ 10. magnesium ____ 11. chlorine ____ 12. iron 1-2: In the space below‚ list the chemicals above from the MOST abundant in the human body to the LEAST abundant
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lab is to identify the given unknown organic compounds with various methods. Identification of an unknown compound is important to perform through the process of melting point (M.P)‚ boiling point (B.P) and Infrared spectroscopy (I.R). Index of Hydrogen deficiency (IHD) and elemental analysis makes an experiment more efficient in determination of unknown compound. The color‚ odor‚ melting point and boiling point determines the physical state and properties of a compound. It also determines its volatility
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Associate Program Material Levels of Life Worksheet Complete all three parts of this worksheet. Part I: Atomic Structure – Fill in the missing information on atomic structure and organic compounds. Atomic Structure Subatomic Particle Charge Location in an Atom Proton Positive Nucleus Neutron Neutral Nucleus Electron Negative Spherical (outer-shell) Organic Compounds Large Biological Molecule Atoms it Contains Monomer(s) Function(s) in Living Organisms Carbohydrates
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2. Which type of bonds are found between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the water molecule? (1) Covalent bonds 3. What is the name given to the attractive forces that exist between water molecules that are close to each other and causes them to stick together? (1) Hydrogen bonding 4. Use a diagram with 5 water molecules to illustrate hydrogen bonding between water molecules (start with one molecule in the middle). How many water molecules can hydrogen bond with a single water molecule
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understand the SN1 and SN2 mechanism involved in the reaction 3. To determine the yield of percentage of t-butyl chloride II. Introduction An alkyl halide is a derivative of alkanes. Alkanes are hydrocarbons with a functional group C-C. The hydrogen atom is then replaced by a halogen (F‚ Cl‚ Br‚ I). Therefore‚ alkyl halides are compounds that have a halogen atom bonded to a saturated‚ sp3 hybridized carbon atom. These could be classified according to the number of alkyl groups attached to the
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