Water has many unique properties that make life possible on Earth. One property is cohesion. The cohesion property is properly defined as the binding of water molecules by hydrogen bonds. Water has this property as a result of the chemical bonding between water. Cohesion of the strong hydrogen bonds allows the water molecules to stick together‚ almost as a unit of one. A force exerted on one of the molecules will be exerted on all of the adjacent molecules as a result of cohesion. Cohesion‚ often
Premium Water Ionic bond Hydrogen
alkanes. Once an alkane has its original hydrogen atom replaced with a halogen‚ it is now considered an alkyl halide (UC 2016). This experiment utilizes chlorine as the halogen that takes the place of the hydrogen atom. Alkyl halides are versatile‚ and with little effort
Premium Chemistry Chemical reaction Alcohol
acidic (pKa ~ 20) α-hydrogen of the ketone. This acidity is due to the stability of the resonance structures of the corresponding enolate ion that forms upon dissociation. When the hydroxide is able to subtract a hydrogen atom‚ a carbanion is formed. This carbanion is a very strong base and is able to attack the chlorine thus taking one of the chlorine atoms. The introduction of one chlorine atom catalyzes the attack of another hydroxide molecule on the remaining α-hydrogens of the ketone. The subsequent
Premium Chlorine Hydrogen Acid
Radical Cations•+: Generation‚ Reactivity‚ Stability R A R A MacMillan Group Meeting 4-27-11 by Anthony Casarez Three Main Modes to Generate Radical Cations Chemical oxidation D A D A Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) h! 1) D A D A* D A 2) D A h! D* A D A Electrochemical oxidation (anodic oxidation) D Anode D Chemical Oxidation Stoichiometric oxidant: SET O N Bn H N Me O N Me t-Bu
Premium Ion Radical Electrochemistry
Empirical and Molecular Formulae Calculations involving Acids and Alkali Thermochemistry 23 24 24 – 25 26 27 – 29 29 - 30 17 17 18 – 19 20 20 21 4 - 10 11 - 15 PAGE GUIDED ESSAY WRITING FOR PAPER 2 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Chemical Bond – Ionic bond Chemical Bond – Covalent bond Preparation of Salt – Insoluble salt Preparation of Salt – Soluble salt Rate of Reaction Heat of Combustion 32 33 34 35 36 – 37 38 – 39 5 WRITTEN PRACTICAL PAPER - PAPER 3 5.1 Structure Questions 5.2 Essay Questions SUGGESTED
Premium Sodium chloride Atom Chlorine
Algae Could Solve World’s Fuel Crisis Von Philip Bethge Dan Robertson is working on algae that can produce biofuel. Genetically modified blue and green algae could be the answer to the world’s fuel problems. Bioengineers have already developed algae that produce ethanol‚ oil and even diesel -- and the only things the organisms need are sunlight‚ CO2 and seawater. For reasons of data protection and privacy‚ your IP address will only be stored if you are a registered user of Facebook and you
Premium Biofuel Petroleum Carbon dioxide
objective for the experiment was to perform a reduction reaction on the ketone group of camphor to the OH group on isoborneol. In order to successfully synthesis the reactant to the product‚ NaBH4 was used as the main reagent to reduce the carbonyl double bond. One believes the formation of isoborneol was successfully due to the product’s percent yield‚ IR‚ and melting point. During the lab‚ .077 grams of isoborneol was yielded from the camphor reduction. In result‚ .077 g compared to an theoretical yield
Premium Chemistry Alcohol Oxygen
beam by the pole. T = 392 N‚ H = 339 N‚ V = 0 6. A water molecule consists of an oxygen atom with two hydrogen atoms bound to it as shown in Figure 5. The bonds are 0.100 nm in length‚ and the angle between the two bonds is 106°. Use the coordinate axes shown‚ and determine the location of the center of gravity of the molecule. Take the mass of an oxygen atom to be 16 times the mass of a hydrogen atom. x = 6.69 x 10-3 mm‚ y = 0 7. A constant torque
Premium Atom Force Torque
naturally as a gas‚ chlorine is obtained through a chemical reaction involving a sodium chloride and water mixture known as brine. When an electrical current is passed through the brine it reacts and breaks up the solution into chlorine‚ caustic soda and hydrogen gas. The reaction looks like this: 2NaCl + 2H2 ----- Cl2 + 2NaOH + H2. Not only is the chlorine exceptionally useful‚ but the caustic soda that is a co-product of obtaining chlorine is also used in soap‚ pulp and paper‚ and textile industries. Having
Premium Chemistry Carbon dioxide Sodium hydroxide
carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. The simplest hydrocarbons are the alkanes which contain only single covalent bonds. Methane is the simplest alkane. It is also the major component of natural gas. Methane contains only 1 carbon in the molecular formula and the structural formula. There is ethane which is 2 carbons‚ propane that is 3‚ butane which is 4‚ pentane which is 5 and so on. There are also alkenes. Alkenes are hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon double covalent bonds‚ and last
Premium Hydrogen Atom Chemistry