acidic (pKa ~ 20) α-hydrogen of the ketone. This acidity is due to the stability of the resonance structures of the corresponding enolate ion that forms upon dissociation. When the hydroxide is able to subtract a hydrogen atom‚ a carbanion is formed. This carbanion is a very strong base and is able to attack the chlorine thus taking one of the chlorine atoms. The introduction of one chlorine atom catalyzes the attack of another hydroxide molecule on the remaining α-hydrogens of the ketone. The subsequent
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V. HAZADOUS WASTE TREATMENT PROCESS Presently‚ the hazardous waste treatment technologies are highly developed from the decade before due to the more environmental and ecosystem concerning. Moreover‚ hazardous waste not threaten only environment but also to human hygiene and health. However‚ one of the most dangerous hazardous waste is dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Addition‚ DDT is used as a majority pesticide during agriculture revolution period‚ and also uses to regulate Malaria in developing
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similar number of carbon atoms and physical properties. The uses of the fractions depend on their physical and chemical properties. www.igcse.at.ua Hydrocarbon molecules are only made of a chemical combination of carbon and hydrogen atoms. They are compounds because they consist of atoms of atleast two different elements. THE FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION OF CRUDE OIL www.igcse.at.ua Crude oil is a complex mixture of mainly hydrocarbon compound molecules
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interactions between the toxin and antimicrobial peptide and a global energy -43.23 kcal/mol. The N of Gly22‚ OG1 of Thr42 and OD1 of Asn69 of Diphtheria toxin form conventional hydrogen bonds with O of Ala6‚ O of MSE1 and N of MSE1 respectively of Microcin C7. The CE1 of His21 and CA of Ala62 of Diphtheria toxin form carbon hydrogen bond with O of Asn5 and O of Asn7 respectively of Microcin C7. Tyr65 of Diphtheria toxin forms electrostatic non bond with OXT of Asn7 of Microcin C7. The Pi-orbitals of His
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total number of atoms contained in 2.00 moles of nickel? A) 118 C) 58.9 C) 1 liter of neon D) 1 gram of neon 3) 4) What quantity is represented by the symbol Ne? A) 1 mole of neon B) 1 atomic mass unit of neon 5) How many moles of hydrogen atoms are present in one mole of C2H4(OH)2? A) 6 B) 2 C) 8 D) 4 What is the mass of 3.0 x 1023 atoms of neon? A) 10. g B) 1.0 g C) 20. g D) 0.50 g A sample of nitrogen containing 1.5 x 1023 molecules has the same number of molecules as a sample containing
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Yet‚ this behavior does not correspond to Kekule’s structural formula‚ which says that three conjugated double bound should exist. Another critic brought to this formula is that she predicts the existence of for isomers than in reality. If two hydrogen atoms in the benzene’s molecule are substituted with two bromine atoms‚ then‚ according tot Kekule’s rule‚ there should be two isomers containing two bromine atoms connected to two nearby carbon atoms (positions 1‚2 and 1‚6) at one
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Experimenting with a Candle Justin Nguyen Mrs. Howley 11/16/11 Mod F Purpose: the purpose is to learn how the process of a candle burning. The goals of this experiment are to practice in the art of observation‚ the art of questioning‚ and the development of a better understanding of this process. Hypothesis: through this experiment‚ we will learn how candle is working. Materials: * Candle * Note card * Matches or butane lighter * Aluminum foil * 1L beaker * Balance
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Structure and bonding Ionic bonds are chemical bonds formed through an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions. Ionic bonds are formed between an metal and a non-metal. The metal loses an electron or electrons form its highest energy level becoming a positively charged Ion and the non-metal gains an electron or electrons in its highest energy level‚ becoming a negatively charged Ion. Covalent bonds are strong bonds between two non-metal atoms. A covalent bond forms when two
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enough for the atomic velocities not to be able to escape the system’s gravity‚ so star formation only occurs in a few areas. The sites of star formation in the galaxy are mostly located within molecular clouds – expansive‚ cool clouds of mostly hydrogen and helium gas. Molecular clouds are on average too diffuse to contract gravitationally‚ but within a cloud are regions of locally higher density‚ which are the sites of active star formation. It is not known exactly what causes molecular clouds
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anions we were testing for could only be determined from one specific result for example if a black precipitate formed following the tests the substance is therefore a sulphide however the same result would also show the presence of carbonate and hydrogen carbonate this therefore means that it is difficult to distinguish between the two and therefore further tests would need to be carried out this test enables you to distinguish clearly between the two and includes adding a drop of phenolphthalein
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