of calculating the percentage of 2-ethanoylhydroxybenzoic Acid in aspirin tablets hence 4 commercial tablets were taken to determine its purity using a known volume of standard sodium hydroxide‚ due to the fact that it is only readily hydrolysed (hydrolysis: the breakup of molecules with the use of water) by alkalis and was then tittered with a standard solution of Hydrochloric Acid. *Referencing* Method: * A 250cm3 conical flask was weighed and its weight was recorded. Then 4 aspirin tablets
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concentrations of iodine as low as 0.00002M at 20°C. However the intensity of the colour decreases with increasing temperature and with the presence of water-miscible‚ organic solvents such as ethanol. Also the test cannot be done at very low pHs due to the hydrolysis of the starch under these conditions. This reaction is the result of the formation of polyiodide chains from the reaction of starch and iodine. The amylose‚ or straight chain portion of starch‚ forms helices where iodine molecules assemble‚ forming
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Name: Keziah V. Cuyom Section: 9 - Malaya Topic: Types of Chemical Reaction A chemical reaction is a process that is usually characterized by a chemical change in which the starting materials (reactants) are different from the products. Chemical reactions tend to involve the motion of electrons‚ leading to the formation and breaking of chemical bonds. There are several different types of chemical reactions and more than one way of classifying them. Here are some common reaction types. However‚ if
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a boiling chip to any liquid before heating it. • Always wear department approved eye goggles at all times. • Long pants and closed toe shoes are required. Table of Reagents Reagent Mol. Wt. (g/mol) Bp ( ͦ C) Mp ( ͦ C) Density (g/ml) Acetanilide 135.17 304 113-115 1.219 Fluorene
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way to help recognize those specifics and identify the unknown cultures. The differential tests used to identify the unknown cultures were oxidase‚ catalase‚ lactose and sucrose fermentation‚ Kugler/iron agar‚ nitrate reduction‚ gelatin hydrolysis‚ starch hydrolysis‚ manitol salt‚ MR-VP‚ citrate‚ bile esculin‚ indole‚ urease‚ DNase‚ and coagulase. Material & Methods The tests performed on the unknown bacteria cultures were all used to determine the identity of the bacteria. Each of the tests
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reducing and non-reducing sugars. Glucose is monosaccharide while maltose‚ lactose and sucrose are disaccharides of carbohydrates. Monosaccharaides are the monomers which make up all other carbohydrates and cannot be broken into smaller molecules by hydrolysis. Disaccharides are formed from the condensation reaction between two monosaccharaides and are linked by glycoside bond. All monosaccharaides and some disaccharides such as maltose and lactose are reducing sugars due to the presence of aldehyde or
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SUMMARY OF ORGANIC REACTIONS SECTION 1 - ALIPHATIC Aldehydes and ketones |Type of reaction |Mechanism | |1. oxidation (aldehydes only): aldehyde ( carboxylic acid |n/a | | | | |reagents: potassium
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Carbon‚ Hydrogen and Oxygen. These three simple elements make up one of the most useful substances for many living organisms: Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are used for numerous processes in organisms from acting in important roles of cellular recognition in the human body to storing chemical energy in plants in the form or starch. The roles of carbohydrates in the human body alone are numerous; providing energy for working muscles‚ providing energy for the regulation of blood glucose‚ preventing
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assay can be used. In this screening‚ congo red clearing zone assay is performed on 9 unknown fungi isolates on CMC media. Cellulose degradation and its subsequent utilizations are important for global carbon sources (Ponnambalam et al.‚ 2011). The hydrolysis of cellulose has become an interesting research and industrial research since it is one of the renewable source for bioconversion (Bai et al.‚ 2012). Cellulose will be degraded into glucose and then further used for the production of subsequent
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CH3OH + CO → HCO2CH3 In industry‚ this reaction is performed in the liquid phase at elevated pressure. Typical reaction conditions are 80 °C and 40 atm. The most widely-used base is sodium methoxide. Hydrolysis of the methyl formate produces formic acid: HCO2CH3 + H2O → HCO2H + CH3OH Efficient hydrolysis of methyl formate requires a large excess of water. Some routes proceed indirectly by first treating the methyl formate with ammonia to give formamide‚ which is then hydrolyzed with sulfuric acid:
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