HOLscience.com 2 ©Hands-On Labs‚ Inc. Table of Contents 5 To the instructor 6 To the Student 7 How to Perform an Experiment 9 Safety Concerns 11 Science lab Safety Reinforcement Agreement Experiments 33 Macromolecules of life 57 The Microbiome 68 Cell Membrane Transport 89 Mitosis 118 Phenotype and genotype 132 DNA and Protein Synthesis 195 The Macrobiome APPENDiX 226 laboratory Equipment and Techniques 231 Material
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Chapter 1 - Scientific Methods Objectives 1. Demonstrate a basic knowledge of classroom/science safety. 2. Understand the purpose of a hypothesis‚ and identify when a hypothesis should be used. 3. Be able to identify the independent and dependent variables in a formalized hypothesis. 4. Differentiate between an observation and an inference. 5. Contrast quantitative and qualitative observations. 6. Given a data table‚ draw and label a graph. Including a title‚ labeled units‚ and legend. 7
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Unit 1 – Introduction to the Cell Robert Hooke – built the first microscope (30x magnification); viewed slices of cork called cellula (little rooms). Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek - worked with glass huge improvement in quality of lenses nearly 300x magnification became possible first to observe: * single-celled organisms “animalcules” * protists from pond water * bacteria from his mouth – “father of microbiology” * blood cells * banded pattern in muscle cells * sperm from
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chemical reaction: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy identify a. the substance(s) being oxidized. b. the substance that is reduced. Total: 17 marks 5. For each of the following four macromolecules‚ list their i) monomer(s). ii) functional groups. iii) linkage type. iv) primary function. Macromolecules: a) Carbohydrates b) Proteins c) Lipids d) Nucleic acids (Total 8 marks: 1⁄2 mark for each correct answer) 6. Show how a peptide bond forms between the two amino acids‚ glycine and valine.
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Humoral immunity From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Humoral immunity (also called the antibody-mediated system) is the aspect of immunity that is mediated by macromolecules (as opposed to cell-mediated immunity) found in extracellular fluids such as secreted antibodies‚ complement proteins and certain antimicrobial peptides. Humoral immunity is so named because it involves substances found in the humours‚ or body fluids. The study of the molecular and cellular components that comprise
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reaction has one complication‚ however‚ in that an esterification can occur between the phenol and acid portion of adjacent salicylic acid molecules. Further‚ more molecules can bind to the remaining free substituents on these molecules to create a macromolecule‚ or polymer. The polymer is formed as a by-product. Acetylsalicylic acid will react with sodium bicarbonate to form a water-soluble sodium salt‚ whereas the polymer remains insoluble. This difference can be used to purify the aspirin product
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Beginning of Life on Earth Question 1 a) What is one of the suggestions for the beginning of life on Earth? What is the problem with this idea? The article states that suggestions have been made that germs of life may have made their way to Earth from outer space. This may have occurred due to comet dust resting on the Earth’s surface. Another theory proposed by Francis Crick states a spaceship sent out by a distant civilisation may have contained the first signs of life. The issue with these ideas
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in food additives for humans‚ livestock‚ or plant fertilizers and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using such food additives. Your report must include: -A list of elements and macromolecules that are essential for life -A brief summary of the structures and functions of each of the macromolecule of life -A summary of your findings on……… At least 2 examples of food additives for humans‚ livestock or plant fertilizers with a brief description of their chemical composition and structure
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arrangement 3. Enantiomer/stereoisomer 1. Usually one is biologically active and the other is not 2. Pharmaceuticals- important because often one of the isomer is not as effective or could produce harmful effects (thalidomide) III. Polymers – Macromolecule of many identical or similar subunits (monomers) a. Condensation synthesis- process by which links monomers into polymers 1. 1 water molecule is removed for each monomer added (one monomer loses a hydroxyl group and the other loses a hydrogen
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I. Introduction A. Importance of systems B. The major systems 1. List all the systems a. Circulatory System b. Integumentary System c. Skeletal System d. Muscular System e. Nervous System f. Endocrine System g. Lymphatic System (Immune system is a part of this) h. Respiratory System i. Digestive System j. Excretory System (Urinary system is a part of this) k. Reproductive System C. Systems to be discussed 1. Circulatory System (NCES) 2. Integumentary System 3. Skeletal System 4
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