A Survey of Literature on the Teaching of Introductory Programming Arnold Pears‚ Stephen Seidman‚ Uppsala Uni.‚ Sweden Uni. of Central Arkansas‚ USA Arnold.Pears@it.uu.se sseidman@uca.edu Lauri Malmi‚ Linda Mannila Elizabeth Adams Helsinki Uni. of Tech.‚ Finland Åbo Akademi Uni.‚ Finland James Madison Uni.‚ USA lma@hut.fi Linda.Mannila@abo.fi adamses@jmu.edu Jens Bennedsen Marie Devlin James Paterson IT Uni. West‚ Denmark Newcastle Uni.‚ UK
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Programming Languages Development Programming languages are vocabulary and set of grammatical rules for instructing a computer to perform specific tasks (Online). These languages have developed over a period of time and they were developed for specific purposes which other languages could not full fill. ADA Gasperani (2012:2) postulates that the US Department of Defense was the sponsor of Ada’s design in the 70s and was behind its adoption in the 80s. He further explains that this was developed
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COMPUTER PROGRAMMING Programming languages for computers are developed with the primary objective of facilitating a large number of persons to use computers without the need to know in detail the internal structure of a computer. Languages are matched to the type of applications which are to be programmed using the language. The ideal language would be one which expresses precisely the specification of a problem to be solved‚ and converts it into a series of instructions for a computer. It is not
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computer programmer has many languages to choose from‚ but what’s the difference between them? What are these languages used for? How can we categorize them in useful ways? These days‚ programming languages are becoming more and more general and all-purpose‚ but they still have their specializations‚ and each language has its disadvantages and advantages. Languages can generally be divided into a few basic types‚ though many languages support more than one programming style. This following list
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Genealogy of Programming Languages Pre-computer era Analytical engine The analytical engine‚ an important step in the history of computers‚ was the design of a mechanical general- purpose computer by the British mathematician Charles Babbage. It was first described in 1837. Because of financial‚ political‚ and legal issues‚ the engine was never built. In its logical design the machine was essentially modern‚ anticipating the first completed general-purpose computers by about 100 years. The input
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A History of Computer Programming Languages The first programming languages predate the modern computer. From the first‚ the languages were codes. Herman Hollerith realized that he could encode information on punch cards when he observed that railroad train conductors would encode the appearance of the ticket holders on the train tickets using the position of punched holes on the tickets. Hollerith then proceeded to encode the 1890 census data on punch cards which he made the same size as the boxes
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CONCEPTS OF PROGRAMING LANGUAGES (COMPUTER SCIENCE 7) PRELIMINARIES Reasons for Studying Concepts of Programming Languages 1. Increased capacity to express ideas – People with limited grasp of natural language are limited in the complexity of their thoughts‚ it is difficult for people to conceptualize structure that they cannot describe‚ verbally or in writing. Programmers in the process of developing software encounter the same constraint. Programmers can increase the range of their software-development
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PL/1 (Programming Languages 1) History (Programming Language 1) A high-level IBM programming language introduced in 1964 with the System/360 series‚ developed by George Radin of IBM in 1964. Originally named (NPL) and Fortran VI. It was designed to combine features of and eventually supplant COBOL and FORTRAN‚ which never happened. A PL/I program is made up of procedures (modules) that can be compiled independently. There is always a main procedure and zero or more additional ones. Functions‚ which
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Technology Structure of Programming Language “C++ Programming Language” INSTRUCTOR: SCLP SUBMITTED BY: UC HISTORY OF C++ In the early 1970s‚ Dennis Ritchie of Bell Laboratories was engaged in a project to develop a new operating system. Ritchie discovered that in order to accomplish his task he needed the use of a programming language that was concise and that produced compact and speedy programs. This need led Ritchie to develop the programming language called C.. In the
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What are computer programming languages? A programming language can be explained to be a language that are used by the machines mainly computer systems. They are notations to write programs which are condition of a computation or algorithm. Few restrict the expression of "programming language" to those languages that are used to express all possible algorithms. The invention of computers is predated by the earlier programming languages that were used to direct the behavior of machines‚ for
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