MODULE 2: GENETICS‚ VARIATION AND NATURAL SELECTION SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES & EXPLANATORY NOTES 1. Structure and Roles of Nucleic Acids 1.1 illustrate the structure of RNA and DNA using simple labelled diagrams; The genetic substance found in all organisms called DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a kind of nucleic acid. Nucleic acids consist of two long polymers of simpler units‚ called nucleotides; that are composed of three (3) main units as shown below: 1) A pentose sugar (deoxyribose
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Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins Rotation around the -Carbon in a Polypeptide A Sterically Nonallowed Conformation The Helix and Pleated Sheet Conformationally allowable structures where backbone is optimally Hbonded (linear Hbonds). Helix (3.613 Helix): •3.6 residues/turn •Rise = 0.15 nm/ residue •13-atom hydrogenbonded loop Linus Pauling and Robert Corey‚ 1950 Pleated Sheet: •Anti-parallel or parallel •2.0 residues/”turn” •0.34 nm/residue (anti-parallel) or 0.32 nm/residue
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BENZOIC ACID & BENZOATES (210 –218) • Retards growth of bacteria and yeasts • Occurs naturally in many foods – a similar distribution to salicylate (but at a lower dose than as an additive) • Common food sources: Soft drink‚ cordial‚ fruit juice and cider Liquid essences and syrups Iceblocks‚ jelly‚ low joule jam‚ dips‚ pickles‚ olives Fish marinades and preserves • PABA (para-amino-benzoic-acid)
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Explain how inflation affects the functions of money. Inflation is the general increase in the price level over a period of time. Money is something that is generally acceptable in the exchange of goods and services. When inflation occurs‚ the value of money decreases as the same amount of money can’t buy the same amount of products like before. The purchasing power of money decreases. If the inflation rate is high and unanticipated‚ lots of problems can occur. People can lose confidence in
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Task-2 Part-2 Fibrous proteins /collagen: From my diagram I can observe the quaternary structure is 3 helical polypeptides which are looped around and is held by hydrogen bonds. The 3 stranded molecules runs parallel to others and the disulphide cross-linkages between the r-groups of the amino acid holds the molecules together forming fibres. Collagen molecules forms covalent bonds which are called cross links‚ with other collagen molecules next to it. The cross-links that form are shocked along
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It makes sense to think that quick‚ post-workout protein intake might boost recovery and promote higher performances on subsequent days of training. Indeed‚ some research has suggested that protein intake can help athletes adapt to their workouts more effectively. However‚ such studies have been flawed methodologically‚ and a new investigation reveals that combining protein with carbohydrate after workouts is not a superior strategy‚ compared with taking carbs alone. You’ve heard them: The "experts"
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Titration Lab Title Abstract During this experiment the change in pH of Citric acids is measured from start to equilibrium in mL. This experiment was tested by titration it had two separate trials. Through observations it was shown that the more concentrated acids needed more drops of NaOH to reach its equilibrium then the less concentrated acids. Introduction Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) is a strong base and when it is titrated with a strong acid the equivalence point will be expected to be a pH of 7
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Growth and organizational evolution causes change‚ resistance to that inevitability and stress as a byproduct. The tactics individuals and leaders adopt can cause harmful consequences if not managed with sensitivity and awareness. Change can be threatening for those experiencing job insecurity (Robbins & Judge‚ 2007) or develop teams and co-workers that act at cross-purposes (Huy & Mintzbereg‚ 2003). Change can be a source of stress‚ but so can workload‚ leadership styles‚ and the shuffling of roles
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1. Discuss ways in which the EMR might change the clinical workflow and the logic for why they are changed. EMRs are generally made to fit workflows rather then used to change workflows. EMRs are generally seen as means to automate existing clinical pathways. As Sicotte (2017) showed “User satisfaction was high when [they] can largely apply innovative uses of information technologies that automate their clinical processes.” p. 8. Yet the true advantage of an EMR is improving workflows. As Vishwanath
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in the fragmentation of the DNA. Protein glycosylation may be an additional damaging factor . In the attempt to repair DNA‚ poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is overstimulated. This diminishes cellular NAD+‚ and subsequently ATP‚ stores the depletion of the cellular energy stores ultimately results in beta cell necrosis. Although streptozotocin also methylates proteins ‚DNA methylation is ultimately responsible for beta cell death‚ but it is likely that protein methylation contributes to the functional
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