Klein-Waardenburg and is similar to type one but includes muscle problems‚ and type four is called Waardenburg-Shah which is also similar to type one but includes intestinal problems. People may have only some traits of the syndrome and some may have all traits. Rare cases associate Waardenburg Syndrome with other problems like intestinal disorders
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Calcium (Ca+) | <6.5 mg/dL | * inadequate intestinal absorption * deposition of ionized Ca into bone of soft tissue * blood administration or decrease in PTH and vit D | * neuromuscular excitability * confusion * paresthesias around the mouth and in the digits * carpopedal spasm * hyperreflexia
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(Christen‚ Fent‚ & Mittner‚ 2016). The economic value behind bees is enormous‚ because of it‚ scientists were quick to find the culprit: Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD). It consists of a myriad of obstacles facing the bees population; from pesticides‚ parasites‚ climate change‚ to the monoculturalism of crops. With these barriers‚ scientists are also researching ways to combat CCD in order to save the bees and agriculture. Colony Collapse Disorder
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Name UNIT 22 CAUSES AND SPREAD OF INFECTION 1.1 Identify the differences between bacteria‚ viruses‚ fungi and parasites What is a Bacteria? A bacteria is a living things that are neither plants nor animals‚ but belong to a group all by themselves. They are very small--individually not more than one single cell--however there are normally millions of them together‚ for they can multiply really fast. Bacteria are prokaryotes (single cells that do not
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Topic: Cystic Fibrosis Introduction Cystic Fibrosis (CF) according to Cohen 2004‚ is the most common fatal hereditary disease amongst children and adults. It is an autosomal recessive disorder‚ and most carriers of the gene are asymptomatic. The flawed gene that causes CF affects the glandular secretions by altering chloride transport across cell membranes. Thickening of bronchial secretions leads to infection and other respiratory disorders. Other mucus secreting glands
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Lundin KE‚ Scott H‚ Hansen T‚ Paulsen G‚ Halstensen TS‚ Fausa O‚ et al. Gliadin-specific‚ HLA-DQ(alpha 1*0501‚ beta 1*0201) restrict- ed T cells isolated from the small intestinal mucosa of celiac disease patients. J Exp Med. 1993;178(1):187–96. Lundin KE‚ Gjertsen HA‚ Scott H‚ Sollid LM‚ Thorsby E. T cells from the small intestinal mucosa of a DR4‚ DQ7/DR4‚ DQ8 celiac disease patient preferentially recognize gliadin when presented by DQ8. Hum Immunol. 1994;41(4):285–91. Sollid LM. Coeliac disease:
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live for weeks Soil can live for years Feces days Salmonella can survive in cool places but hot places may kill bacteria (thats why cooking food can prevent poisoning) Commonly found in meat‚ eggs In humans and animals it is found in the intestinal tract
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Enterococci can survive very harsh environments including extreme alkaline pH 9.6 and salt concentrations (basic). Environment: They can found in the intestines of humans‚ particularly within the large bowel. They also are a natural part of the intestinal flora in most other mammals and birds. E. faecalis has also been frequently found in root canal-treated teeth. Pathogenicity: The organism is able to cause disease. E. faecalis can cause life-threatening infections in humans‚ especially in the
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ingestion / hydrolytic enzymes Mitochondria – exhibit maternal inheritance desmosomes = “spot welds”; attach cells together and give cells mechanical strength (ex. skin cells) Tight junctions = seal the spaces b/w cells and prevent cell leakage (ex. intestinal cells) Gap junctions = allow cells to exchange nutrients and for molecular communication Endosymbiotic Theory – mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as independent unicellular organisms living in symbiosis with larger cells Fluid Mosaic –
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to the light and the noise‚ and even hallucinating. Then doctors discovered high eosinophils levels in his bloodwork(specialised white blood cells that became active when there are allergens or certain infection in the body) caused by trichinosis parasites in his body because he ate raw bear meat that was
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