A123 Systems History of Lithium-Ion Batteries Rechargeable battery evolution accelerated as the world transitioned to instruments enabled by silicon microchip technology from those of bulky electrical components. Mobile devices were designed to be powered by lightweight energy storage systems. The development of batteries for this rapidly evolving market was challenging: • The nickel cadmium battery had been the only option for modern electronics for many years. It was a great improvement over
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Alkali Metals Introduction Alkali metals refer to six elements belonging to the Group IA of the long form of the Modern Periodic Table‚ viz. Lithium (Li)‚ Sodium (Na)‚ Potassium (K)‚ Rubidium (Rb)‚ Cesium (Cs) and Francium (Fr). Fr is a radioactive element. These elements are called so because they form strongly alkaline oxides and hydroxides. Electronic Configuration of Alkali Metals Each of the alkali metals has one electron in their outermost (valence) shell‚ which is just outside an inert
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ascorbic acid solution. Brown iodine can be easily reduced by acidified ascorbic acid to form colourless iodide ion: ← Equation I The excess iodine is then back titrated by standard sodium thiosulphate solution‚ by using a burette and starch solution (used as end point indicator) Similarly‚ iodine can also be decolourized by thiosulphate ion: 2S2O32- + I2 → S4O62- + 2I-
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GCSE CHEMISTRY High Demand Questions THE PERIODIC TABLE QUESTIONSHEET 1 The boxes represent particles of different gases. One box shows the particles of elements in group 0 (group 8). A (a) (i) B C D What name is given to group 0 (8) elements? (ii) Name two elements from group 0. ......................................................................................................................................................................... [2] (b) (i) Which box
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of the concentration of each solution and the temperature at which the reaction takes place. The experiment focuses primarily on the reaction between the ions bromate and iodide. 6I-(aq) + BrO3-(aq) + 6H+ 3I2(aq) + Br-(aq) + 3H2O(l) (1) In part one to determine the rate order of the ions the rate law of reaction is used as well as to find the rate constant (k). Rate Law of Reaction Rate= k[I-]x[BrO3-]y[H+]z
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protonated OH group is a good leaving group. Step 1: CH3 CH3-C-CH3 + H+ HO CH3 CH3-C-CH3 H2O+ Fast u u In the second step‚ water molecule is lost with the formation of a carbonium ion. This is the rate determining step. CH3 CH3 u Step 2: Slow CH3-C-CH3 CH3-C-CH3 + H2O + H2O+ In the final step carbonium ion loses proton from its adjacent carbon atom which results in more stable alkene. The anions of the acid or another alcohol molecule will function as a base and facilitate loss of proton.
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THERMOCHENISTRY Index 1.0 Introduction | | | | | | | | 1 | 2.0 Enthalpy Changes | | | | | | | 2‚3 | 2.1 The Standard Conditions For Calculating Enthalpy Changes | | | | 3.0 Hess’s Law | | | | | | | | 4‚5 | 3.1 The Applications of Hess’s Law | | | | | | 4.0 Standard Molar Enthalpy Change of Formation‚ ΔHof | | | | 6‚7 | 4.1 The Stability of A Compound | | | | | | | 4.2 Using ΔHof
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the rate of a reaction changes as the one changes the concentration levels. For this experiment we will also be using a catalyst to speed up the production of oxygen gas. The catalyst being used will be iodide ions‚ which will be introduced into the actual reaction through a mixture of potassium iodide‚ KI. Once all the reactions are complete the rate will be found by using the rate law‚ which shows the dependence of the rate of the reaction of both the iodine and the hydrogen peroxide. Procedure
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SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYANILINE/POLY (P-HYDROXYANILINE)/Fe3O4 MAGNETIC NANOCOMPOSITE M. R. SABOKTAKIN‚ A. M. MAHARRAMOV‚ M. A. RAMAZANOV Baku State University‚ Baku‚ Azarbaijan E-mail: mamed_r50@mail.ru Several composites have been studied for static dissipationand microwave absorbing materials based on polyaniline with metallic oxides. These composites which are conducting polymers have been widely used because of their lower density as well their good environmental stability as in
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__________________ CHEMICAL NAMES AND FORMULAS SECTION 9.1 NAMING IONS (pages 253–258) This section explains the use of the periodic table to determine the charge of an ion. It also defines polyatomic ion and gives the names and formulas for the most common polyatomic ions. Monatomic Ions (pages 253–256) 1. What are monatomic ions? Monatomic ions are ions consisting of only one atom. 2. How is the ionic charge of a Group 1A‚ 2A‚ or 3A ion determined? The ionic charge is numerically equal to the group
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