The Nature of biology and science Cell theory: * All organisms are made of cells and the products of cells * All cells come from pre-existing cells * The cell is the smallest organisational unit Cells have an outer membrane‚ encloses fluid contents of cell (cytoplasm) Robert Hooke (1665): observed dead cells from bark Anton van Leeuwenhoek: described living cells Matthias Schleiden: plant issues Theodor Schwann: animal tissues Bacteria found without nucleus and lacking other membrane-bound
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Water • Define the terms solute‚ solvent and solution • Solute: Substances dissolved by the solvent (or the component present in a lower amount) • Solvent: Substances in which solutes are dissolved (or the component present in a larger amount) • Solution: A homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances • 1.1.2. Identify the importance of water as a solvent. • Water is distributed in the biosphere‚ lithosphere‚ hydrosphere and atmosphere • On earth‚ it is distributed as a solid‚ liquid and gas
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1. Question : Richard was observing black swallowtail butterflies in the field. Which one of these is an observation he made about a black swallowtail butterfly? The black swallowtail laid its eggs on a parsley plant. Question 2. Question : The most valid and reliable test of the hypothesis‚ more pine seeds germinate after a forest fire‚ would include an experimental group of pine seeds that was recovered from a fire area and pine seeds that were — tolerant of fire. Question 3
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calculators during exams. Please have your calculators at all times. Course description: This is a one semeste course that covers fundamental concepts of chemistry‚ including measurements‚ states of matter‚ atomic theory and structure‚ chemical bonding‚ properties of matter‚ solutions‚ acids and bases‚ gases‚ intermolecular forces‚ chemical reactions‚ stoichiometry‚ and thermochemistry. Attendance: Attendance at all lecture and laboratory sessions is mandatory. Students will be dropped from
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Chemical Earth 1. The living and non-living components of the Earth contain mixtures Construct word and balanced formulae equations of chemical reactions as they are encountered 1. Build a word equation Reactants on left‚ Products on right 2. Convert word equation into chemical formula for the reactants and products Using valency rules 3. Balance the equation Adjust coefficients to get equal numbers of each kind of atom on each side 4. Specify the physical state for each species present
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or false. If false‚ change the statement so it is true a. Ionic bonds are the result of electrostatic attraction between two ionizes functional groups of opposite charge. b. Hydrogen bonds result from interaction of an anion with a hydrogen atom. c. Hydrophobic interactions are electrostatic attractions between nonpolar functional groups and water. d. H+ and OH- interact together by ionic bonding to form water. 2. Identify the type of bonding between each pair of atoms and molecules. a. Na+Clb. H-O-H
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Caesium Phosphorus Potassium Aluminum Calcium Sulfur Barium Ionic Bonding 1) Draw a diagram showing how a magnesium atom reacts with a oxygen atom. In your diagram try to clearly demonstrate the electron transfer process 2) draw a diagram showing the electron transfer process that results in the formation of calcium chloride (CaCI20. Covalent Bonding 1) Draw `dot and cross’ diagrams showing the shared electron pairs in the
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1. Which of the following polyatomic ions have a 3-ionic charge? a. Phosphate b. Hydrogen carbonate c. Sulfate d. Hydroxide e. Nitrate 2. In which of the following is the metric unit paired with its correct abbreviation? a. Centimeter/km b. Kilogram/cg c. Millimeter/mL d. Microgram/mg e. Gram/gm 3. The number of electrons in an ion with 20 protons and an ionic charge of 2- is? a. 22 b. 18 c. 20 d. 16 e. 24 4. Which of the following is a measurement of mass in the metric system
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structures‚ to predict the shape of those molecules‚ and whether or not the molecules are polar. Introduction: A. Covalent Bonds and Lewis Structures When elements combine‚ there are two types of bonds that may form between them: Ionic bonds result from a transfer of electrons from one species (usually a metal) to another (usually a nonmetal or polyatomic ion). Covalent bonds result from a sharing of electrons by two or more atoms (usually nonmetals). Lewis theory (Gilbert Newton Lewis
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Do ionic compounds conduct electricity as (3 points) Solids No Liquids Yes Aqueous solutions (when the ionic compounds are dissolved in water) Yes Do covalent compounds conduct electricity as (3 points) Solids no Liquids No Aqueous solutions (when the covalent compounds are dissolved in water) No Part I Lab Insert completed data tables for each part of the lab. Be sure that the data tables are organized and include units when necessary. Melting Point (4 points) Conductivity (4 points) Part II Conclusion
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