Chemistry(Part-I) Goyal Brothers Prakashan (Chapter 1 and 3) 2. Atoms and Molecules/ Mole concept Dalton’s atomic theory‚ atoms‚ molecules‚ ions‚ atomic mass‚ molecular mass‚ atomic scale units(CU)‚ symbol‚ valency of ions‚ formula of ions and compounds‚ Writing ionic equations‚ solubilty rules‚ balancing simple equations by hit and trial method‚ Mole concept‚ percentage composition of elements in compounds‚ empirical and molecular formula determination Reference: 1. NCERT class IX text book(chapter 3) 2. Foundation
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Thermochemistry IB questions 1. Ammonium nitrate‚ NH4NO3‚ dissolves readily in water according to the equation: NH4NO3(s) NH4+(aq) + NO3-(aq) H = 28kJ mol-1 Which of the following contribute(s) to the occurrence of this process? I. The system moves to lower enthalpy. II. The system becomes more disordered. a. I only b. II only c. Both I and II d. Neither I nor II 2. Which substance has the largest lattice energy? a. NaF b. KCl c. MgO d. CaS 3. A certain reaction is spontaneous
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Properties of Different Bonds An ionic compound forms from a nonmetal and metal element. A covalent compound is formed by two non metal elements. A metallic compound is formed by two metal elements. Metallic compounds have generally high melting points‚ are loose and flexible with their electrons‚ conduct electricity well‚ and have low solubility in water. Ionic compounds are generally crystals‚ have a high melting point‚ and usually have high solubility in water and conduct electricity well when
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points) Which ionic compound would be expected to have the highest lattice energy? (a) NaCl (b) MgO (c) AlF3 (d) Al2O3 5. (5 points) Which element‚ indicated by letter on the periodic table below‚ has a 2+ ion with electron configuration [Ar]3d10 ? (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D Exam #2 Page 1 6. (5 points) Element A has an electronegativity of 0.8 and element B has an electronegativity of 3.0. Which statement best describes the bonding in A3B? (a) The AB bond is largely covalent with a d– charge
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Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life Lecture Outline Overview: Carbon – The Backbone of Biological Molecules * Although cells are 70–95% water‚ the rest consists mostly of carbon-based compounds. * Carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form large‚ complex‚ and diverse molecules. * Carbon accounts for the diversity of biological molecules and has made possible the great diversity of living things. * Proteins‚ DNA‚ carbohydrates‚ and other molecules that
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Kathleen Sylva Head Researcher Ceramic Artisans Dear Ms. Sylva‚ In ionic and covalent bonds‚ there are many properties that make up each bond. Ionic bonds between a metal and a nonmetal are stronger than covalent bonds‚ have high melting and boiling points‚ and can conduct electricity in water. This is because the electrons are transferred‚ completing the valence electron shell and making the atom stable. Covalent bonds between nonmetals have weaker bonds‚ low melting and boiling points‚
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PUTTING IT TOGETHER: Classifying Chemical Reactions Purpose: To observe and differentiate between the four different types of chemical reactions. Variables: The independent variables are the sodium chloride‚ sodium carbonate‚ magnesium‚copper‚ copper (11) sulfate‚ silver nitrate‚ oxygen‚ lead(11) nitrate‚ sodium carbonate‚ copper (11) sulfate pentahydrate. The dependent variables are the chemical reactions that are being looked for. For example decomposition‚ synthesis‚ single displacement or double
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negative anions. IONS Are charges particles. EXMAPLES Atomic Notation and Bohr Diagrams Lewis Dot Diagram Examples Lewis Dot Diagrams of an Negative ION (NON-METAL) Negative ions have 8 valence electrons! Lewis Dot Diagram of an Ionic Compound Lewis Dot Diagrams of an Positive ION (METAL) Positive Ions have no valence electrons! The Octet Rule REMEMBER! All elements want to be like the noble gases. All elements want full electron shells. All elements want 8 valence
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likely to be ionic? A. KF B. CCl4 C. CS2 D. CO2 E. ICl 2. Which of these compounds is most likely to be ionic? A. NCl3 B. BaCl2 C. CO D. SO2 E. SF4 3. Which of these compounds is most likely to be covalent? A. Rb2S B. SrCl2 C. CS2 D. CaO E. MgI2 4. Which of these compounds is most likely to be covalent? A. CsOH B. NF3 C. Sr(NO3)2 D. CaO E. LiF 5. The Lewis dot symbol for the chloride ion is A. B. C. D. E. 6. Which of these ionic solids would
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electronegativity differences between atoms result in nonpolar covalent bonds‚ polar covalent bonds‚ and ionic bonds. The difference in electronegativity between atoms results in different kinds of bonds: nonpolar covalent bonds form between atoms that have similar electronegativity and share bond electrons equally; polar covalent bonds form between atoms that have different levels of electronegativity and share bond electrons unequally; ionic bonds form between pairs of atoms that have extremely different
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