Ukraine is rich in natural resources: coal‚ iron ore‚ manganese‚ nickel and uranium‚ and others. The reserves of sulfur are the largest in the world‚ the reserves of mercury ore are the second largest. Also more than 5% of world reserves of iron ore are concentrated in Ukraine. There are oil and gas deposits but their reserves are not significant (the reserves of these fossil fuels were partly depleted during the Soviet period). Coal is the main fossil fuel of Ukraine. It is mined in the Donetsk
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dioxide as a by-product from the extraction of copper from ores. Copper ore mined in Australia is predominantly chalcopyrite (CuFeS2)‚ a sulfide ore of copper. The extraction of copper begins with crushing the ore and subjecting the crushed ore to froth floatation. In this the concentrated copper ores float to the top of a bath and are collected‚ and the gangue (rock and other unwanted silicate materials) are left behind. The concentrated ore is now predominantly CuFeS2 and is roasted in air with
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result of this calculation is a starting requirement of 576.5 tons of iron ore fines entering the system to ensure 400 semi-processed tons enter the 2nd reactor. The 356.4 tons of outflow from the 2nd reactor (400 x 1- yield loss x 1- mass loss) is the input to the next step. We continued to take the outflow from each step and multiply by (1- the yield loss) to arrive at the final value of 321.5 tons of Hot Briquetted Iron (HBI)‚ per cycle. The number of cycles in a year was determined
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electrolysis. Aluminium ore is called bauxite‚ it is then purified into a white powder (aluminium oxide) then the aluminium can be extracted. To turn it into aluminium they heat the powder till it’s molten so electricity can pass through it. Its melting point is over 2‚000 Celsius‚ so it would therefore be quite expensive. One way of cutting costs is by dissolving it in molten cryolite. Which has a lower melting point. Current price £1.53 for a kilo of aluminium. Iron is the second most common
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There are a few methods to extract metals from its ores. The main ones are electrolysis (the decomposition of a compound using electricity) and heating with carbon or carbon monoxide (or called the “Blast Furnace”). Some other metals like Silver and Gold occur naturally in the Earth’s crust as “native metals”. The method to extract the metal depends on its place in the Reactivity Series (how reactive the metal is). The more reactive the metal‚ the more difficult it is to extract. Thus electrolysis
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expensive‚ so it is not profitable for Nucor to export a lot of products. Opportunities * Nucor can continue to expand their portfolio by launching more Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) making facilities‚ like the one that opened in Louisiana in 2011. These facilities use direct reduction technology to convert natural gas and iron ore pellets into high quality DRI used by Nucor’s steel mills ("Louisiana Economic Development"). * If Nucor repositioned itself by entering in to the international market
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Extraction of Aluminium Aluminium ore is called bauxite. Bauxite contains aluminium oxide‚ water‚ iron oxide and other impurities. The purified dry ore‚ called alumina‚ is aluminium oxide (Al2O3). The alumina must be molten for electrolysis to work‚ since the ions are not free to move in the solid state. Unfortunately‚ alumina has a high melting point (2040 °C) and it is not practical to do electrolysis at such a high temperature. In the middle of the nineteenth century it was found that alumina
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is reduced rich iron ore (at present time resources of rich iron ore are preserved only in Australia and Brazil)‚ sinter or pellets in the blast furnace. Sometimes granular pellets are used instead of crude ore. Blast furnace consists of five constructive elements: top cylindrical part is top throat‚ that is necessary for the charging and distribution of burden in furnace; the highest splayed conic part is shaft‚ where the heating process of materials and the reducing of iron from oxides pass;
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industrial metals‚ generally iron. In a blast furnace‚ fuel‚ ore‚ and flux (limestone) are continuously supplied through the top of the furnace‚ while air (sometimes with oxygen enrichment) is blown into the lower section of the furnace‚ so that the chemical reactions take place throughout the furnace as the material moves downward. In the blast furnace‚ it is so hot that carbon monoxide can be used to reduce the iron oxide in place of carbon: iron oxide + carbon monoxide → iron + carbon dioxide Fe2O3
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copper and tin. Ores of both copper and tin are easily reduced by heating with carbon. This would have occurred accidentally as people lit wood fire in places where mixtures of tin ore and copper ore existed. The hot burnt wood (carbon) would have reduced the ores to a mixture of copper and tin metal‚ which is bronze After the Bronze Age came the Iron Age. People discovered that a high temperature coal fire could be used for the extraction of iron from iron ore. The extraction of iron today is done
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