the phenomenon of female juvenile gangs in Hong Kong and evaluate its explanation’. In Hong Kong‚ female gangsters occupy a very small proportion of gang population‚ only 6% in 2001. However‚ the number of girl gangsters has an increasing trend that rises to 15% in 2005. Girls are also involved in gang activities more actively than before. There are three main parts in this paper. The first part focuses on the definitions of ‘functionalist point of view’ and ‘female juvenile gangs’. Features of girl
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initiation of the next” (Encyclopedia.com). By placing youth in adult facilities the court is demonstrating their belief that youth have the mental capacity and cognitive ability to understand the consequences of their actions‚ despite the fact that much research has concluded the opposite is true. James M. Sullivan (2014) author of From Monkey Bars to Behind Bars: Problems Associated with placing youth’s in Adult Prisons states‚ “Juveniles’ psychosocial immaturity ‚ including their tendency to focus
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class from adults. Unlike adults‚ children are looked at as persons that are less blameworthy and have the capability to change. For purposes of abuse/neglect‚ the juvenile court may exercise jurisdiction until the child reaches his 18th birthday. (Section 211.031.1(1)‚ RSMo. For purposes of status offenses‚ the juvenile court may exercise jurisdiction until the juvenile reaches his 17th birthday. (Section 211.031.1(2)‚ RSMo. Anyone over these ages are trialed as an adult. Juveniles do not have
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2016) This type of sentencing allows juvenile courts to impose adult criminal sanctions when certain categories are present. When this type of sentencing is in use it imposes a sentence that blends a juvenile disposition and an adult sentence‚ however‚ it is generally for certain serious youth offenders. Only some states allow this type of sentencing. When imposed there must be detailed descriptions of all procedures‚ standards‚ burdens of proof‚ and threshold offense and minimum age requirements are
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Introduction Juveniles who perpetrate sexual offenses are defined as ‘those who commit any sexual act against the victim’s will‚ without consent‚ or in an aggressive‚ exploitive‚ or threatening manner’. Generally‚ the same criteria are used in regard to adults and adolescents in terms of what constitutes a sexual offense. Behaviours deemed inappropriate and illegal include fondling‚ frottage‚ and digital‚ penile or object penetration of the vagina or anus‚ and oral copulation. Also included are
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1. What has been the primary factor in the growth in the number of individuals under correctional supervision over the past twenty years? The primary factor in the growth of individuals under correctional supervision in the past twenty years has been due to tougher laws‚ correctional supervision also has a broader scope of people under supervision and there are more offenders that are sentenced with drug and property offences. Correctional supervision also includes people out on bond‚ probation and
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foundation in the constitution of the United States in the 21st century. Its ideologies lead to the creation of many theories on the aspect of juvenile delinquency. For instance‚ early theories reason for punishing was to quell evil in the individuals‚ this led to witch hunting and torture for those accused of crime. While these extreme punishments were mostly done to adults‚ children were usually accused of being possessed and received intense punishment under the church. Because of the protestant religion
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Throughout history the American juvenile justice system has changed focus in attempts to provide an efficient system. Additionally‚ these changes have influenced the concept of punishment by replacing it with different methods such as rehabilitation. According to the text‚ American Corrections by Todd R. Clear‚ George F. Cole‚ and Michael D. Reisig‚ the juvenile justice system is characterized by five time periods. The first time period is referred to as the Puritan Period. Between 1646 and 1824
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research is that juveniles who have been transferred and sentenced as adults still have to be separated from adults while they are in prison. This causing them to have a lack in education‚ exercise‚ and nutrition. This could be reformed by designing and constructing a single large facility in a central location of the United States to serve as a juvenile prison for those transferred to adult courts and sentenced to long periods of imprisonment. This would allow these juveniles to receive equal
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Juvenile Boot Camps In this project I am going to talk about the problem that different states have in juvenile offenders and how they deal with them in regards to juvenile boot camps‚ also I am going to explain what is known about juvenile boot camps in the United States‚ the degree of success of these efforts‚ and a general summary of boot camps. With that in mind I am going to answer 4 different questions in order to gain a better understanding of this program. The questions I will answer
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