Immanuel Kant‚ whose philosophy in regards to animals derives from a very human centric point of view. Kant argues that because non-human animals aren’t rational or self-conscious beings‚ they aren’t ends-in-themselves and as such don’t need to have rights. This may surprise some due to his history of valuing the individual’s life rather than a collective group’s life‚ essentially saying that one life isn’t more important than another. However this only applies to human life‚ according to Kant animals
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with a detonator in the hands of the other boat. Defining “good” or “bad” is challenging enough‚ and while analyzing both Kant and Mill one will see that the complexity of the issue cannot be adequately solved by either argument for what one “ought” to do. In the first case‚ which will be that they are both on the same ship‚ full of “good” citizens each offers their arguments. Kant argues‚ “We should not simply destroy individuals simply because our own lives are in danger‚ for we must do what is good
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Kant’s Formalism Theory The theories of Immanuel Kant‚ a German philosopher‚ have had an impact on the formulation and shaping of ethics today. Immanuel Kant graced this earth from 1724 to 1804. During his eighty year life time‚ he formulated many interesting ideas regarding ethical conduct and motivation. Kant is strictly a non-consequentialist philosopher‚ which means that he believes that a person’s choices should have nothing to do with the desired outcome‚ but instead mankind simply
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With reference to alternative research findings‚ critically assess Loftus and Palmer’s research into Leading questions. Loftus and Palmer concluded (1974) concluded from their experiments that leading questions can alter the representation in your memory. Before the Loftus and Palmer undertook their studies into the effects of leading questions on memory recollection‚ Carmichael (1932) researched the effect of different labels on the reproduction of identical figures. They showed two sets of
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say to do it because having that money would bring them more pleasure‚ but a deontologist would say that they must not commit fraud in order to get the money because that would be lying and according to the categorical imperative we should never lie. The second categorical imperative comes into play as well because it would be using a human as a means to an end rather than an end in itself (although with Ned being dead‚ one could have an argument that that doesn’t come into play). Jackie makes the
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The United Nations and Kant The United Nations failure to prevent war is based on its flawed structure. This structure includes two different levels of power. The first part of that is the General Assembly. This allows each of the 139 nations the power to equally each have one vote. Because everyone has equal power‚ if used correctly‚ this should be every effective at preventing war. However‚ this is not possible because of the second part of United Nation‚ the Security Council. The Security
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possible histories. [1] [2] Side effects are the most common way that a program interacts with the outside world (people‚ filesystems‚ other computers on networks). But the degree to which side effects are used depends on the programming paradigm. Imperative programming isknown for its frequent utilization of side effects. In functional programming ‚ side effects are rarely used. Functional languages such as Standard ML ‚ Scheme and Scala do not restrict side effects‚ but it is customary for programmers
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that lead to this conclusion are very different. We were presented four philosophers specifically and though many things match up to make a good case on the subject of a human’s goal‚ I believe that Kant and Lucretius’ arguments and ideas match up the best. When discussing the similarities between Kant and Lucretius’ philosophies‚ we find that their ideas on a human’s goal‚ emotional state and how they treat themselves and others parallel each other in multiple ways. For example‚ while Lucretius specifically
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Heidegger‚ Kant‚ and the Ontological Argument In the introduction to The Basic Problems of Phenomenology‚ Martin Heidegger explains that throughout the history of philosophy‚ there has been many discoveries of the “domains of being” viz.‚ “nature‚ space‚ and soul”.1 Yet‚ none of these discoveries could be understood in a way that explains “their specific being.”2 As an example‚ Heidegger interprets this problem as the reason Plato understood why the soul‚ along with its logos‚ was a different
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CHAPTER THREE IMPERATIVES FOR ELECTORAL REFORM 3.1 INTRODUCTION In the context of a weak electoral body‚ a perverted electoral process and undemocratic political parties‚ the stage is set for flawed elections. Thus‚ the 1999 and 2003 elections‚ like virtually all the preceding elections in Nigeria’s post-colonial history‚ were classic cases of electoral fraud. In broad terms‚ there have been two kinds of elections in Nigeria’s post-colonial history. These are the ‘transition’ and
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