SOP: Solid phase extraction of cylindrospermopsin in filtered water samples Document identifier: SOP_TOXIC_UDU_05F Prepared by: James S. Metcalf and Geoffrey A. Codd‚ UDU Date: 7 July 2005 1 Introduction In order to determine the concentration of cylindrospermopsin in the extracellular fraction of filtered environmental waters‚ solid phase extraction (SPE) is necessary to concentrate the toxin to concentrations capable of being detected by HPLC. 2 Experimental 2.1 Materials
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1 SN2 Reaction‚ Ionic Liquid (Group – hood) Background Reading Solomons and Fryhle Chapter 6 (Substitution/Elimination Reactions) Techniques: Weights and Measures‚ Reflux‚ Liquid-Liquid Extraction‚ Distillation. Introduction The SN2 reaction is a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction where the nucleophile (a molecule with a free pair of electrons) reacts with an alkyl halide and replaces the halogen (for more details see Solomons and Fryle‚ Chapter 6). The nucleophile approaches
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Part A- Additive Volumes First‚ obtain a dry 10 mL volumetric flask that includes a stopper with it and weight on a digital scale. Be sure to get the mass at the closest milligram. Then‚ pour DI water to the calibration mark of the flask. Place the stopper back and weigh it again on the same digital scale. Once recorded‚ it is okay to pour this water down the drain. Observations: Mass of Empty Flask Mass of DI Water Filled Flask 15.114 g 25.048 g Now‚ put 100 mL of ethanol in a beaker and
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Introduction: This experiment will investigate the factors that affect the rate of reaction of the enzyme catalyse‚ an enzyme found in food such as potato and liver. Catalyse is used to remove hydrogen peroxide from cells. The enzyme speeds up the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. The reaction is: Catalyse is able to speed up the process because the enzyme lowers the activation energy of the reaction. This means that the free energy required for the reaction
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Experiment 24 - A Rate Law and Activation Energy Observe • To conduct an experiment in order to discover and calculate the expression known as the rate law for a particular reaction. • To conduct an experiment in order to determine the role each reactant plays within the reaction and the overall activation energy that is needed for a chemical reaction to occur all while utilizing an analytical tool. Procedure 1. Determination of Reaction Rates • Obtain boiled‚ deionized water‚ pipets or burets
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Mohr pipette | I used the pipette to accurately transfer sulfuric acid when making up solutions. I could not do this with a volumetric pipette‚ as the volume I transferred was 20 cm3. | Distilled water | I used the distilled water to wash out any glassware and storage jars before using them to avoid contamination. | Crushed ice | I used the ice to cool my reactants down to 10 °C. | Water bath | I used the water bath to heat my reactants up to 30 °C‚ 40 °C and 50 °C. It kept the
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calibration is to determine the accuracy and precision of 10ml of water at room temperature by using a 10ml volumetric pipet. Also‚ analyzing the analytical balance and the density of water from literature reference. Experimental: Description of glassware‚ equipments‚ and materials: 10 ml volumetric pipet (+0.02ml) Computer program: Excel oven (1) 50 ml beaker Thermometer desiccator (1) 250 ml beaker #1 stopper DI water (1) 400 ml beaker 50 ml Erlenmeyer flask Analytical
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this particular esterification process is that is fairly simple to set up and recreate‚ as long as the proper acidic conditions are present. Experimental Section: The first step in this experiment was to set up a ring stand which will hold the glassware while the reflux process is occurring. After the ring stand was set up‚ a heating mantle was placed underneath the round-bottom flask and two rubber hoses were attached to the condensing tube. Now that the instruments were set up‚ the reagents were
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Medical Laboratory Technician’s work in all areas of the clinical laboratory including blood banking‚ chemistry‚ hematology‚ immunology‚ histology and microbiology. They perform a full range of laboratory tests – from simple prenatal blood tests‚ to more complex tests to uncover diseases such as HIV/AIDS‚ diabetes‚ and cancer. They are also responsible for confirming the accuracy of test results‚ and reporting laboratory findings to pathologists and other physicians. Some States require laboratory
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Bottled water * Distilled water Apparatus: * Laboratory oven * Dessicator * Conical flask * Watch glass * Spatula * Glass rod * Burette * Funnel * Volumetric flask * Volumetric pipette Setup: (see diagram under Discussion) Procedure: 1). Weigh accurately approximately 4.5g of pure silver nitrate in powder form. 2). Place the watch glass with the powder in the drying laboratory oven for 30 minutes at a high temperature (60 – 100oC). 3)
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