ENDOGENOUS PROCESSES AND ASSOCIATED LANDFORMS THE EVER CHANGING LANDSCAPE • • • • • • Earth’s surface is ever changing Endogenous processess- interior of the earth Mountains‚ plateaus and plains formed Occurences of volcanoes and earthquakes Processess- slow and sudden Many areas rise or subside NOTABLE CHANGES • • • • Breaking of Gondwanaland 120 mya Indian peninsula started drifting towards north Took present shape around 40 mya Raising of Himalayas- present height during last 1 million years
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Antarctica‚ also known as the "coldest and windiest place on earth"‚ is home to the lowest temperature ever recorded at 89.2 degree Celsius. With historic winds recorded at speeds over three hundred and twenty miles per hour‚ this area is unbearable for almost all habitats. Most commonly recognized as the fifth largest continent on this planet‚ this giant freezing mass is place over the South Pole with a total surface area of about fifteen million square kilometers. However‚ this figure fluctuates
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sloping hill that opens downwards to a pool of molten rock below the surface of the earth. When a break in the earth’s surface allows molten rock material to come up from the earth’s core‚ a volcano is formed. Volcanic eruptions can cause lateral blasts‚ lava flows‚ hot ash flows‚ mudslides‚ avalanches‚ falling ash and floods. These eruptions can also trigger tsunamis‚ flash floods‚ earthquakes‚ mudflows and rock falls. Examples of volcanic mountains are Mount St. Helens‚ Mount Fuji‚ and Pinatubo. (Kusky
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BENEFIT Volcanoes are usually depicted as towering mountains missing a chunk out of the top from which steam‚ ash and lava spew forth. In reality‚ a volcano is any spot on the surface of the Earth where lava flows. Magma finds its way upwards along fissures or cracks in the planet ’s crust and bursts out onto the surface‚ resulting in a volcano. Magma that flows out of a volcano is called lava. If it comes out of the volcano in an explosive ejection — like Mount Vesuvius in AD 79 — it ’s called tephra.
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FULL SET OF NOTES ON TECHTONICS 2012 AQA GEOGRAPHY FULL SET OF NOTES ON TECHTONICS 2012 AQA GEOGRAPHY TECHTONICS | TOPICS | UNDERSTOOD/COVERED? | PLATE MOVEMENT | | SEISMICITY | | VULCANICITY | | These notes were copied from an AQA textbook. They contain EVERYTHING you need to know for the exam for the tectonics section. You WILL however‚ need to use your own case studies as these are not included. You will need 2 case studies for volcanoes‚ and 2 case studies for earthquakes
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Epigenetics has changed the way scientists have originally viewed the way people act based on nature and nurture. Identical twins and mice are a good example of this. Biologists have questioned how identical twins that have the same DNA can end up with different traits. For example one twin could develop bipolar disorder and the other twin is uneffected. So how does this happen when they have the same DNA? The answer is epigenetics. Histones have DNA wrapped around them to keep the DNA
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Creation of Oahu by Volcanism Karen Ta: 430 BOT 450 TR 10:30-11:20 Volcanoes are magnificent formations from an opening in a planet’s crust. They form when magma‚ volcanic ash‚ and gases escape from a magma chamber below the surface of the planet. Tectonic plates cover the surface of the planet and are constantly moving. Volcanoes are generally found where these plates converge or diverge. Not only are volcanoes found in these areas but also where the Earth’s crust is stretching or thinning
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As the pockets get cool slowly‚ the magma turns into the Igneous rocks. Igneous rocks can also be formed when the volcanoes erupt. In this time‚ the magma rise above the surface of the Earth‚ When the magma comes above the Earth‚ it is known as the Lava. After that‚ the magma or lave spreads on the ground and get cool. This way‚ the Igneous rocks get formed. All the Igneous rocks do not get cool in the same way‚ as a result‚ all these rocks don’t look the same. The rocks can be classified according
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infrastructure are known as natural hazards. Volcanic eruptions can swiftly become natural hazards which can quickly lead to major loss of life and widespread damage. Primary hazards that are associated with volcanoes include; pyroclastic flows‚ Tephra‚ Lava flows and volcanic gases. Pyroclastic flows are waves of very hot gases and tephra with flow with high velocities. The pyroclastic flow that was seen at the eruption of Mount St Helens‚ USA in 1980 was a result of dense gas and ash combinations. It
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one reaching the surface. During volcanic eruption‚ most of the lava ejects through the main vent. The third main part I will tell you about is the secondary vent and cone. The larger volcanoes can have more than one vent for the magma to reach the Earth’s surface. Secondary vents‚ with the main vent‚ are a way for the magma to move and reach the surface during volcanic eruption causing unforeseen dangerous situations when the lava flow suddenly widens or starts to flow to a different direction
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