BENEFIT Volcanoes are usually depicted as towering mountains missing a chunk out of the top from which steam‚ ash and lava spew forth. In reality‚ a volcano is any spot on the surface of the Earth where lava flows. Magma finds its way upwards along fissures or cracks in the planet ’s crust and bursts out onto the surface‚ resulting in a volcano. Magma that flows out of a volcano is called lava. If it comes out of the volcano in an explosive ejection — like Mount Vesuvius in AD 79 — it ’s called tephra.
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FULL SET OF NOTES ON TECHTONICS 2012 AQA GEOGRAPHY FULL SET OF NOTES ON TECHTONICS 2012 AQA GEOGRAPHY TECHTONICS | TOPICS | UNDERSTOOD/COVERED? | PLATE MOVEMENT | | SEISMICITY | | VULCANICITY | | These notes were copied from an AQA textbook. They contain EVERYTHING you need to know for the exam for the tectonics section. You WILL however‚ need to use your own case studies as these are not included. You will need 2 case studies for volcanoes‚ and 2 case studies for earthquakes
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Creation of Oahu by Volcanism Karen Ta: 430 BOT 450 TR 10:30-11:20 Volcanoes are magnificent formations from an opening in a planet’s crust. They form when magma‚ volcanic ash‚ and gases escape from a magma chamber below the surface of the planet. Tectonic plates cover the surface of the planet and are constantly moving. Volcanoes are generally found where these plates converge or diverge. Not only are volcanoes found in these areas but also where the Earth’s crust is stretching or thinning
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Epigenetics has changed the way scientists have originally viewed the way people act based on nature and nurture. Identical twins and mice are a good example of this. Biologists have questioned how identical twins that have the same DNA can end up with different traits. For example one twin could develop bipolar disorder and the other twin is uneffected. So how does this happen when they have the same DNA? The answer is epigenetics. Histones have DNA wrapped around them to keep the DNA
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As the pockets get cool slowly‚ the magma turns into the Igneous rocks. Igneous rocks can also be formed when the volcanoes erupt. In this time‚ the magma rise above the surface of the Earth‚ When the magma comes above the Earth‚ it is known as the Lava. After that‚ the magma or lave spreads on the ground and get cool. This way‚ the Igneous rocks get formed. All the Igneous rocks do not get cool in the same way‚ as a result‚ all these rocks don’t look the same. The rocks can be classified according
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infrastructure are known as natural hazards. Volcanic eruptions can swiftly become natural hazards which can quickly lead to major loss of life and widespread damage. Primary hazards that are associated with volcanoes include; pyroclastic flows‚ Tephra‚ Lava flows and volcanic gases. Pyroclastic flows are waves of very hot gases and tephra with flow with high velocities. The pyroclastic flow that was seen at the eruption of Mount St Helens‚ USA in 1980 was a result of dense gas and ash combinations. It
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surface. Extrusive: Igneous rock that forms at the Earth Surface. Felsic: Igneous rock rich in potassium feldspar and quartz and light color. Mafic: Igneous rocks that are rich in dark Plagioclase feldspar‚ pyroxene and that are dark in their color. Lava: Magma that reaches Earth surface. Texture: The feel of a rock due to its size‚ shape and its arrangement of mineral crystal or sediment in a rock. Porphyry: Igneous rock containing coarse crystals in a finer grained groundmass
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one reaching the surface. During volcanic eruption‚ most of the lava ejects through the main vent. The third main part I will tell you about is the secondary vent and cone. The larger volcanoes can have more than one vent for the magma to reach the Earth’s surface. Secondary vents‚ with the main vent‚ are a way for the magma to move and reach the surface during volcanic eruption causing unforeseen dangerous situations when the lava flow suddenly widens or starts to flow to a different direction
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magma to rise and come out together with gas‚ rocks and ashes. Violence of an eruption depends on how much pressure the volcano is under before it erupts. (How do volcano erupt) “In a volcanic eruption‚ hot lava spews out from beneath the Earth’s crust up to the Earth’s surface.” The hot lava spewed out is actually magma‚ hot melted rock. (Why do volcanoes erupt) “Sometimes the magma chamber breaks its sides and only reaches to the flank or summit of volcano and sometimes reaches to the surface causing
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A hazard is a situation that poses a level of threat to life‚ health‚ property‚ or environment. There is a very big difference that helps prepare for a volcanic hazard and that is whether you are in a MEDC or a LEDC. In a MEDC monitoring volcanic zones and potential hazards is an option many LEDC’s don’t have. In Italy at Mt Etna they have Geochemical monitoring programs currently run by INGV which focus on the analysis of temporal changes‚ chemical changes and seismic activity. This option open
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