how the U.S. has set up propaganda in separate Middle Eastern governments to “protect and promote U.S. policies” usually being the governments that only involve “kings‚ military generals‚ and other strongmen who rule nondemocratic Muslim States (Liaquat Ali 388)”. This is more information that backs the U.S. trying to make all countries democratic such as itself‚ crushing anything that is nondemocratic and/or making deals that could eventually backfire on that government. Examples of these judgments
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Table of Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ACKNOWLDGEMENT I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep regards to professor‚ Sir. Muhammad Kamran for his exemplary guidance‚ monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the course of this report. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In this report‚ the coffee house culture and its growth in Pakistan have been discussed focusing on the international coffee house chains present in the country. The trend of shifting from
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6 Zarina Salamat‚ Pakistan 1947-58: An Historical Review (Islamabad: NIHCR‚ 1992)‚ p 7 Saeed Shafqat‚ Political System of Pakistan and Public Policy (Lahore: Progressive Publishers‚ 1989)‚ p Macmillan Publishers‚ 1997)‚ p.75. 10 Chaudhri Muhammad Ali‚ The Emergence of Pakistan‚ (New York: Columbia University Press‚ 1967)‚ p
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women. The Quaid can be seen as source of inspiration for their emergence as players on the political scene. The Khilafat Movement of the 1920s had been the first instance when Muslim women had made their presence felt. With Maulanas Shaukat Ali and Mohammed Ali in jail‚ their mother‚ Bi Amman‚ had taken up the cudgels against British imperialism. Her daughter-in-law assisted her. It took an old lady to strike the first blow at seclusion. She addressed meetings from behind the purdah of a sheet‚ and
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Language has been known as a symbol of identity since a long time. It is considered as a gelling force to keep the communities united. Urdu was the official language of the sub-continent and was spoken and used by both‚ Hindus and Muslims. All groups had contributed towards the development of the language. The Urdu-Hindi controversy started with the fall of the Mughal Empire. This is because the Hindus felt that Urdu was a language of the invaders as many Turkish‚ Arabic and Persian words had been
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However‚ eastern Pakistanis regarded Urdu as the language of the elite‚ not the language of the people in the eastern province - who made up 56% of Pakistan’s population - where Bangla was the mother tongue. After Pakistan’s "founding father" Muhammad Ali Jinnah and‚ later‚ fellow Bengali Khwaja Nazimuddin declared Urdu as the official state language‚ protest erupted throughout the eastern wing. On 21 February 1952 (8 Falgun 1359 in Bangla calendar) students protest led to killing of ordinary citizen
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Problems of National Integration between East and West Pakistan Purpose of this section This section covers the problems of national integration between East and West Pakistan. It introduces candidates to the: Language Movement Emerging disparities between the two wings of Pakistan‚ in terms of economic development‚ deface and other sectors. Summary Between 1947 and 1956‚ the language issue created tension between the people of East and West Pakistan. But it was only one example of the
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Causes of Military Intervention in Pakistan: A Revisionist Discourse Muhammad Hassan This paper highlights the causes of military intervention in Pakistan and its effects on the polity of the country. The militarybureaucracy oligarchy occupied a dominant position and has been in effective command of state power ever since the creation of the state. This oligarchy installed politicians and political parties in office to provide a façade of parliamentary government for a decade; it then decided
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against Muslim women through the custom of purdah (where women were forcibly isolated from social contact‚ primarily with men). Other Muslim reformers such as Syed Ahmad Khan tried to bring education to women‚ limit polygamy‚ and empower women in other ways through education. The founder of Pakistan‚ Crown attorney/statesman Muhammad Ali Jinnah‚ was known to have a positive attitude towards women. After the independence of Pakistan‚ women’s groups and feminist organisations started by prominent leaders
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advocacy for the establishment of a separate Muslim-majority nation-state‚ Pakistan‚ successfully led to the partition of India in 1947 by the British Empire. Early genesis of the party are founded as an aftermath of literary movement led by Syed Ahmad Khan‚ who also helped in founding the party. In 1906‚ the party was officially found at the educational conference held in Dhaka to protest against the integration of Bengal in 1905.Its original political goal was to define and advance the Indian Muslim’s
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