SYLLABUS – ADVANCED PLACEMENT CHEMISTRY Required Texts 1. Chemistry: The Central Science by Brown‚ LeMay and Bursten‚ 10th ed.‚ Pearson Education. Inc.‚ Upper Saddle River‚ NJ‚ 2006‚ ISBN: 0131464892 Includes: Text book‚ Laboratory Manual‚ Student Study Guide‚ AP Test Prep Series‚ Solutions to Practice Problems 2. Barrons AP Chemistry‚ Jespersen‚ Neil D‚ 4th ed.‚ Barron’s Educational Series‚ Inc‚ 250 Wireless Boulevard‚ Hauppauge‚ New York 11788
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Chemical equilibrium is the point at which the concentrations of reactants and products do not change with time. It would appear as if the reaction has stopped‚ but in fact‚ the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal‚ causing the reactants and products to be created at the same rate. This can be expressed mathematically in the form of the equilibrium constant. The following is the general equation for a reversible chemical reaction: aA+bB →cC+dD
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Chatelier’s principle‚ that affect the equilibrium position and equilibrium constant. These are the concentrations of products and reactants‚ changes in temperature and gas volume. When influenced by these factors‚ the chemical system has to experience an equilibrium shift‚ a change in concentrations of the products (shift to the right) or a change in concentrations of the reactants (shift to the left) in order to achieve equilibrium. The purpose of this experiment was to interpret and further understand
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Question Set: 1. What kind of graph results when you plot ml of thiosulfate against time in seconds? 2. What does this tell you about the rate of the reaction? 3. What do you think would have happened to the reaction time if you had reduced the hydrochloric acid by half? Explain why. 4. What should you have learned about reaction rates? 1. The kind of graph that resulted when I plotted the mL of thiosulfate against the time in seconds was an exponential decay. 2. The graph tells us that
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CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM I. Introduction In a chemical reaction‚ when reactants are mixed together in a reaction vessel‚ the whole of the reactants do not get converted into products. After some time‚ there will come a point when a fixed amount of reactants will exist in harmony with a fixed amount of products; neither amount will change anymore. This state is called chemical equilibrium (Birk‚ 1994; Jones‚ 1987; LeMay‚ 2002). There are three characteristics of a system in chemical equilibrium: a
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Staley‚ Simpson‚ Matta Addison Wesley 1. Determine the correct formulas for all the reactants and products in the reaction. 2. Write the formulas for the reactants on the left and the formulas for the products on the right with an arrow in between. If two or more reactants or products are involved‚ separate their formulas with plus signs. 3. Count the number of atoms of each element in the reactants a products. A polyatomic ion appearing unchanged on both sides of the equation is counted
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affect the rate of its reaction with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (of a fixed concentration)? Introduction: There are several factors that affect the rate of a reaction. Some of them being Pressure (if the reactants are Gases)‚ Temperature‚ Presence of a Catalyst‚ Surface Area of the reactant‚ and Concentration. According to the Collision Theory‚ during a reaction‚ particles collide with each other and react if the geometry of the collision is correct. In this Experiment‚ we will investigate the
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depending on certain variables. These variables are concentration‚ temperature‚ surface area‚ and catalysts. A reaction can be made faster or slower with a variation in the concentration of reactants; a reaction goes faster when there is an increase in concentration of a reactant. Temperature allows the reactants to react faster‚ and increasing the amount of energy taken in. Allowing the molecules to react faster. Surface area can also increase or decrease the rate of reaction of an experiment‚ the
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* 9/4/12 12.3 - crystal structures crystalline structure: possess rigid and long-range order; its atoms‚ molecules‚ or ions occupy specific positions (Exs. wax ‚ice‚ sugar‚ salt‚ diamond‚ etc.) unit cell: basic repeating structural unit of crystalline solid -there are seven types of unit cells coordination number: number of atoms surrounding an atom in a crystal lattice -higher coordination number --> more tightly packed structure 3 types of cubic unit cells: -primitive cubic (sc) c#:
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CHAPTER 5 GASES AND THE KINETICMOLECULAR THEORY 5.1 Plan: Review the behavior of the gas phase vs. the liquid phase. Solution: a) The volume of the liquid remains constant‚ but the volume of the gas increases to the volume of the larger container. b) The volume of the container holding the gas sample increases when heated‚ but the volume of the container holding the liquid sample remains essentially constant when heated. c) The volume of the liquid remains essentially constant‚ but the volume of
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