Topic 8a – Carbonyl compounds Revision Notes 1. Introduction • Aldehydes and ketones are carbonyl compounds • They contain the carbonyl group C=O • The functional group in aldehydes is –CHO on the end of a chain e.g. ethanal CH3CHO • The functional group in ketones is C=O not at the end of a chain e.g. propanone CH3COCH3 2. AS Recap • Primary alcohols are oxidised by acidified potassium dichromate. An aldehyde is produced first and this can be further oxidised
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Phosphate Test. Upon performance of the tests mentioned‚ the principles involved were identified and stated based on the results obtained from the experiment. 2. MethodologyMaterials such as water bath‚ test tubes‚ evaporating dish‚ test compounds and reagents were gathered and prepared. In Dische Test‚ ten (10) drops of test compound and Diphenylamine wasplaced in a test tube and heated in boiling water bath for ten minutes. Color change on the solution was noted. In Murexide Test‚ ten(10) drops of
Free DNA RNA
Worked solutions to student book questions Chapter 4 Analysing acids and bases Q1. Antacid tablets should normally be chewed before they are swallowed. Why? A1. Antacid tablets are normally chewed to provide a larger surface area for faster reaction with stomach acids. Q2. A laboratory test to determine how much hydrochloric acid is neutralised by a brand of antacid does not give a complete picture of its effectiveness in the stomach. What other factors might be important? A2. Other factors to
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i) Details about the reactants Reaction of the acetylation of salicylic acid is following From the balanced reaction above‚ it can be seen that the stoichiometry between salicylic acid and acetic anhydride is 1: 1. In this experiment‚ 21.7mmol of salicylic acid was used to react 6.0mL of acetic anhydride and salicylic acid was limiting reagent. The expected amount of salicylic acid used: 21.7/1000*138.12=2.99g=3.0g The expected amount of acetic anhydride: 21.7/1000*102.09=2.215g=2.2g Reactants
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Synthesis of Banana Flavor via Fischer Esterification Patricia Faye R. Agnila‚ Joan Karla M. Alvaran*‚ Micaela Isabel N. Arellano‚ and Denzel Nicho T. Armendares Department of Biological Science‚ College of Science‚ University of Santo Tomas‚ Manila‚ Philippines Abstract This experiment is conducted to exhibit the synthesis of banana
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Test Biuret Test Reagents CuSO4 sol’n‚ diluted NaOH Test for Intact proteins and protein hydrlysates (at least tripeptide‚ 2 peptide bonds Result Pink to violet blue color Ninhyrin Test 1‚2‚3-indanetrione monohydrate or triketohydintene hydrate‚ ethanol Alpha- amino group (usually a general test for amino acids) Xanthoproteic Test Conc. HNO3‚ conc. NaOH For W‚F‚Y (aromatic except for H) Blue to blue-violet Oxidative decarboxylation color & deamination
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EXPERIMENT 1 IDENTIFICATION OF UNKNOWN COMPOUNDS Date of experiment : 7th August 2012 Venue: ME204 INTRODUCTION Chemical reactions are regularly categorized into 3 types: oxidation-reduction (redox reaction)‚ precipitation (double displacement) and acid-base reaction (double displacement) Type 1: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Oxidation-reduction processes include the movements of electrons form oxidants to reductants‚ which lead to increases in oxidation
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increases thus large‚ pure crystals of precipitate was able to obtain. Subtracting the mass of the petridish alone from the mass of the petridish with CaC2O4 2H2O precipitate‚ one can get the mass of calcium oxalate dihydrate. And from that using stoichiometry‚ one can determine the mass of calcium. Based from what we have computed the resulted mass of calcium is 0.3267 grams. I. INTRODUCTION Gravimetric methods are quantitative methods that are based on determining the mass of analyte and one of
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Ba2+ | NaCl | White ppt‚ AgCl(soluble in 12M HCl‚ soluble in sln of good complexing agent‚ 6M NH3) | White ppt‚ PbCl2(soluble in hot water‚ soluble in 12M HCl‚ soluble in sln of xs NaOH) | Soluble – no ppt | Soluble – no ppt | Soluble – no ppt | Na2CO3 | White ppt‚ Ag2CO3(soluble in 6M HCl‚ soluble in sln of good complexing agent) | White ppt‚ PbCO3(soluble in 6M HCl‚ soluble in sln of good complexing agent) | Blue ppt‚ CuCO3(soluble in 6M HCl‚ soluble in sln of good complexing agent) | Green ppt
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Previously‚ Yeoh‚ & Wong (1993) reported the nutritional values of A. gangetica. Ogle et al.‚ 2001 reported the folate composition of A. gangetica. However‚ not much information on the utility of this leafy vegetable has been reported. To the best of our knowledge‚ there is no report on the optimization of polyphenols and their radical scavenging activities from the edible leaves of A. gangetica. Therefore‚ the main aim of this study is to optimize extraction conditions such as EtOH concentration
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