Table of Contents Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Objectives 2 Theory 2 Apparatus 7 Procedure 8 Results 10 Calculations 14 Discussion 20 Conclusion 21 Recommendations 21 References 22 Appendices 22 Abstract This experiment was performed in order to determine the molarity of a solution and the percent by mass of acetic acid‚ CH3COOH in vinegar. Acetic acid is monoprotic and belongs to the carboxyl family of organic compounds. The titration method is used to neutralize the acids by using the standardized
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an equilibrium shift to the product side using an excess of one of the starting components. In this experiment‚ the excess reagent is acetic acid because it is not expensive and can easily be removed for the reaction. The acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol are removed by extraction with sodium bicarbonate and water. The limiting reagent is isopentyl alcohol. A limiting reagent is completely consumed when
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References: 1. Kroner‚ R. C.‚ Longbottom‚ J. E.‚ Gorman‚ R.A.‚ "A Comparison of Various Reagents Proposed for Use in the Winkler Procedure for Dissolved Oxygen"‚ PHS Water Pollution Surveillance System Applications and Development‚ Report #12‚ Water Quality Section‚ Basic Data Branch‚ (July 1964). 2. Annual Book of ASTM Standards‚ Part 31‚
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Organic chemistry studies carbon compounds‚ but a few carbon compounds such as carbon monoxide‚ carbon dioxide‚ metal carbonates‚ and carbon disulphide traditionally come under the umbrella of inorganic chemistry. INTRODUCTORY 1. Give the following for the compound propane C3H8: (a) Full structural formula (b) Skeletal formula 2. Draw all the possible isomers of hexane C6H14 and give the name of each. 3. Draw the structural formulae for each of the following alkanes: (a) 2‚2- dimethylbutane
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(important details) How can the rxn be activated Second step: rxn of the Grignard reagent with acetophenone‚ quenching with ammonium chloride Isolation of the product‚ identification Possible or actual sources of error Part one of our experiment consisted of the preparation of phenylmagnesium bromide from bromobenzene. PhMgBr is an organometallic reagent‚ a class of nucleophile known as a Grignard reagent. Gringard reagents are a class of extremely reactive chemical compounds used in the synthesis of
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substance. Dilute it with about 500mL of boiling water‚ and continue to heat until the mixture becomes clear. Cool it to room temperature and save it into a stoppered bottle. To prepare a 0.015M KBrO3 (potassium bromate) solution‚ place about 1.5g of reagent-grade KBrO3 into a weighing bottle‚ and dry it for at least an hour at 110 C. After the drying process‚ place the bottle in the desiccator to cool down its temperature. Weigh about 1.3g of potassium bromate‚ with its measurement nearest to 0.1mg‚
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use of Grignard reagents. The percent yield of the product was 10% on a relatively humid day. The melting point was calculate to be 127.2oC with a literature value of 162oC. An IR spectrum of the product was taken and used for positive identification of the product. The mechanism of the formation of triphenylmethanol was explored. Byproducts were also considered and their mechanisms duly noted. Introduction: This experiment explores the use of organometallic reagents in addition reactions
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Calculations: HNO3 (16M)- 0.15 mL* (0.016 mole/mL) = 0.0024 mole* (1000 mmol/mole) = 2.4 mmoles H2SO4 (18M)- 0.60 mL* (0.018 mole/mL) = 0.0108 mole*(1000 mmol/mole) = 10.8 mmoles Limiting Reagent Calculation: methylbenzoate - 2.0 mL*(1.088g/mL)/( 136.00g/mol)= 0.016 mol Methylbenzoate is limiting reagent because
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Experiment 12: Isopentyl Acetate 19 October 2012 Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to prepare isopentyl acetate by direct esterification of acetic acid with isopentyl alcohol. After refluxing there is an isolation procedure where excess acetic acid and remaining isopentyl alcohol are easily removed by extraction with sodium bicarbonate and water. The ester is then purified by simple distillation and the IR is then obtained. Techniques and equipment used throughout the experiment
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Chemistry‚ 2014 UNIT 1 – MATTER TRENDS AND CHEMICAL BONDING History of the atom DEMOCRITUS Smallest particle of matter is called an atom Atoms are in constant motion and have empty space between them ARISTOTLE 4 element theory of matter (earth‚ air‚ water‚ fire) Had different combinations of the 4 qualities: hot‚ cold‚ dry‚ moist JOHN DALTON Expanded on Democritus’s theory: All matter is composed of tiny‚ indivisible particles All atoms of an element have identical properties
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