Evaluate two models or theories of one cognitive process with reference to research studies. The two models or theories I will be looking at for the cognitive process of Memory are the Multi Store Memory Model and the Reconstructive Memory theory. I will be discussing the strengths and limitations of the model and the theory as well as including a few research studies to support my argument. The Multi Store Memory Model (MSMM) was founded by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) and was one of the first
Premium Scientific method Research Quantitative research
Eyewitness Testimony One important application of research into memory is eyewitness testimony (EWT). EWT is used as evidence in criminal trials in countries all over the world. Juries tend to pay extra attention to eyewitness testimony and generally see it as very trustworthy and convincing. However‚ a great deal of research in cognitive psychology tells us that‚ in general‚ people’s memories are fairly fallible. This section examines some of the psychological factors that can affect the accuracy
Premium Testimony Cognitive psychology Witness
Selective attention is when the witness is able to describe one detail‚ giving them less time to pay attention to other details. It can also be because the witness is more likely to focus on a detail with more emotional significance‚ such as a weapon. Loftus et al. (1987) showed participants a series of slides of a customer at a restaurant. In on version the customer was holding a gun‚ in the other the customer held a chequebook. Participants who had been shown the version with the gun present tended
Premium Witness Testimony
Psychological research shows that eyewitness testimony is not always accurate; therefore it should not be used in the criminal justice system. Discuss. The criminal justice systems in Australia and throughout the world rely on evidence to prosecute persons suspected of a crime. Previously‚ criminal investigators relied upon eyewitness accounts for their investigations though psychological research shows that eyewitness testimony is not always accurate and should not be
Premium Psychology Eyewitness identification Criminal law
allows for convictions. However‚ tests conducted by Loftus have shown an enormous swing from a non-guilty verdict‚ to guilty within the same case‚ simply through the introduction of an eyewitness. This alone displays the importance of eyewitness testimony‚ and accentuates the theory that jurors tend to over believe‚ or at least rely heavily on such accounts. In this essay I shall discuss the work and research contributed by Bartlett‚ and Loftus as to whether accuracy plays a vital role in eyewitness
Premium Eyewitness identification Witness Memory
Eye Witness Testimony “Eyewitness testimony is so unreliable that it should never be used in convicting criminals”. Eyewitness testimony is a legal term. It refers to; an account given by person(s) of an event they’ve witnessed. Eyewitness testimony is admissible in a court of law to assist in the conviction of individuals. In 1976‚ the Devlin report examined over 2000 identity parades in the U.K. Of the 2000 parades‚ 45% resulted in a suspect being identified and out of these‚ 82% were eventually
Premium
Interviewing and Communication for General Duties Police. (In Print.) Kapardis‚ A. (1997). ’Children as Witnesses ’‚ in Psychology and Law: A Critical Introduction. Cambridge University Press‚ Cambridge. Loftus‚ Elizabeth. Creating False Memories. Scientific American. September 1997: 30-35. Loftus‚ E.‚ & Palmer‚ J. (1974). Reconstruction of automobile destruction: An Example of the Interaction Between Language and Memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour‚ 13 McCloskey‚ M.‚ & Zaragoza‚ M
Premium Psychology Crime Criminal law
Eye witness testimony is a form of evidence that has been used to convict various criminals in various cases. It is a legal term that refers to an account given by person/persons of an event that they witnessed. Witnesses are used to identify perpetrators or provide details of the crime scene. The account given often has an immense influence on the jury and as a result weighs heavily on the final verdict of a crime. However‚ this system has often been criticized for its inaccuracy. It has raised
Premium Psychology Testimony Criminal law
Radvansky. (2010). Cognition 5th Edition. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education‚ Inc. Green‚ M. P. (2009). Errors in Eyewitness Identification Procedures. Retrieved March 30‚ 2012‚ from Human Factors: http://www.visualexpert.com/Resources/mistakenid.html Loftus‚ E. (1979). Eyewitness Testimony. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Olivarez‚ B. (2010‚ April 24). Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve: The Theory of Memory. Retrieved March 30‚ 2012‚ from Helping Psychology: http://helpingpsychology.com/ebbinghaus-forgetting-curve
Premium Eyewitness identification Witness
were not told to rate violence on a "yes" or "no" basis‚ but to count the number of violent acts; Milgram had many intervals on his "shock machine" that enabled him to measure and compare statistics about what point people would drop out at; Loftus and Palmer asked participants to estimate speeds in miles per hour‚ as opposed to "were they going fast or slow." You will be calculating statistics and showing trends. The more detailed the numbers‚ the more you can say about them. And nearly half of your
Premium Psychology Educational psychology Psychometrics