helps improve the reliability and validity of the results‚ as variables can be controlled‚ including extraneous variables which in a field study are more likely to occur‚ an example of a cognitive study which has used the lab experiment is by Loftus and Palmer on eye witness testimony‚ participants were asked to watch video clips of car crashes and to then judge the speed they were going by doing a questionnaire‚ using the lab study is reliable as it doesn’t have many extraneous variables so this makes
Premium
reconstructive nature of memory‚ by which the brains processes information to make sense of the world. However‚ to say that memory is not reliable would be unrealistic‚ as memory is still reliable to some extent‚ depending on the factors. Loftus and Palmer conducted a research to show that leading questions could distort eyewitness testimony accounts and have a confabulating effect‚ as the account would become distorted by the cues provided in the question. To do this‚ 45 American students formed
Premium Psychology Sentence Question
psychologist Fields; Cognitive psychology‚ Psychology and law Misinformation effect and eyewitness memory “Eyewitness testimony” book explores in depth how eyewitnesses can in fact be highly unreliable and the psychology behind why. Expert on human memory. Loftus’ previous studies revolved around whether memories are necessarily accurate Inspired by a real case The study was conducted in 1974 “Aim of study; Test their hypothesis that the language used in eyewitness testimony can alter memory” (simplepsychology
Premium
Individual and Situational Factors in Eyewitness Testimony. Journal of Applied Psychology‚ 63(3)‚ 352-359. Dobson‚ M.‚ & Markham‚ R. (1993). Individual Differences in Anxiety Level and Eyewitness Memory. The Journal of General Psychology‚ 343. Loftus‚ E.‚ & Palmer‚ J. (1974). Reconstruction of auto-mobile destruction: An example of the interaction between language and memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour‚ 13‚ 585-589. McLeod‚ S. (2009). Eye Witness Testimoney. Retrieved from Simply
Premium Criminal law Psychology Crime
One advantage of the Scientific method is that it’s replicable. Scientists record their methods and standardise them carefully so as the same procedures can be followed in the future. Investigations are carried out in highly controlled‚ objective laboratory and repeated to gain further reliability. This is an advantage because repeated a study is the most important way to demonstrate the validity of an experiment. If the results of the repeated experiment are the same‚ then this affirms the truth
Free Scientific method Hypothesis
Advantages of the use of the scientific method in psychology There are a number of advantages to using scientific methods in psychology. Firstly an important aspect of imperial data is that it is objective‚ i.e. not affected by expectations of the research. So‚ without objectivity we have no way of being certain that data collected is valid. An example of this is seen with Gardner & Gardner. When they observed Washoe they might have judged that Washoe was using real words because they wanted
Premium Scientific method Research Experiment
present during a court case that involves eyewitness testimony‚ as they are more aware of its flaws. We store information in schemas and when we gain new knowledge it is altered in order to fit these schemas. Leading psychologists such as Elizabeth Loftus‚ Neil Bartlett and Yullie & Cutshall have carried out research in order to demonstrate how our memory can be altered by psychological factors such as leading questions‚ reconstructive memory and weapon focus. This research paper contains a vast number
Premium Psychology Eyewitness identification Witness
Learning. Mednick‚ S.A.‚ Pollio‚ R. H. & Loftus‚ E.F. (1973). Englewood Cliffs‚ NJ: Prentice-Hall. Japanese edition: Iwanami Shoten Publishers‚ Tokyo. Human Memory: The Processing of Information. Loftus‚ G.R. & Loftus‚ E.F. (1976) Hillsdale‚ NJ: Erlbaum Associates. Japanese edition: University of Tokyo Press. Cognitive Processes. Bourne‚ L.E.‚ Dominowski‚ R. L.‚ & Loftus‚ E.F. (1979). Englewood Cliffs‚ NJ: Prentice-Hall. Eyewitness Testimony. Loftus‚ E.F. (1979). Cambridge‚ MA: Harvard University
Premium Eyewitness identification Psychology Memory
Autobiographical memory consists of our life experiences‚ although there is a cross-cultural difference between the types of memories which are encoded. Research has shown that memory is malleable and has a tendency to inaccurately reconstruct the past (Loftus and Palmer‚ 1997)‚ however this does not stop the human mind having an ability to reconstruct past events with great detail. Research suggests that depressed people have difficulty remembering specific events‚ instead they are much more likely to over-generalise
Premium Psychology Psychological trauma Hippocampus
Syma Kausar Student ID 20237783 Assignment number ST10118-1 Q. Discuss the factors that influence eyewitness recall‚ and evaluate the evidence behind these theories.
Premium Eyewitness identification Witness Psychology