ceased has long been deemed factual. Medical technologies have changed this with respirators‚ artificial defibrillators‚ and transplants (Macionis‚ 2009). “Thus medical and legal experts in the United States define death as an irreversible state involving no response to stimulation‚ no movement or breathing‚ no reflexes‚ and no indication of brain activity” (Macionis‚ 2009‚ p. 436). The process of deciding when a terminally ill patient should die lies within the patient‚ family members‚ and the medical
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In the Little Mermaid‚ it is a norm; “expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members” (Macionis‚ pg. 68)‚ for mermaids and other sea creatures to look down on humans. Triton assumes that all humans are dangerous and Sebastian assumes that all humans eat fish‚ they do not take into consideration the idea that not all humans are created equal. Ursula‚ the sea witch is evil because she makes a deal with Ariel but she sends Flotsam and Jetsam to prevent Ariel from kissing prince Eric
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Hadjicostandi Sociology 1301 16 June 2012 There are two systems used to compare cultures in sociology: ethnocentrism; the practice of judging another culture by the standards of one’s own culture (Macionis)‚ and cultural relativism; the practice of judging a culture by its own standards (Macionis). Since we are raised in our own culture‚ it is easiest to use ethnocentrism‚ because it comes natural to judge by our own standards. From studying “Body Rituals Among The Nacirema”‚ it is obvious that
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and personal relationships became more impersonal as people became more self-absorbed (Gesellschaft). Ferdinand Tönnies theory suggests that … modernity turns society inside out so that people are essentially separated in spite of uniting factors (Macionis‚ J.‚ 2006‚ page 457). Large cities provide an excellent example of Ferdinand Tönnies theory of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. People pass one another by the hundreds on busy city streets every day; yet‚ they remain strangers because they ignore each
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criminals and society. The first and oldest of the four justifications for punishment is retribution. Retribution is defined as… "An act of moral vengeance by which society makes the offender suffer [sic] as much as the suffering caused by the crime" (Macionis‚ J.‚ 2006‚ p. 182). This type of justification for punishment has been in effect since the Middle Ages when crime was viewed as sin against God and society. Retribution was designed to satisfy humankind ’s
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are learning constantly about our environment‚ culture and the people involved in our lives on a regular basis. These are the things we absorb and begin to understand as a child‚ the things that we are aware of that have a direct impact on us. Ken Plummer also discusses the great need for this early socialisation and the negative effects that an un-socialised individual may encounter: We start to become aware of other people in this world (usually initially our dear – or not so dear - mothers‚ father
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Urbanization Trends The world has experienced two major urban revolutions in the past‚ with the first one starting around 8000 B.C.E. and the second one starting around 1750‚ spawned by the Industrial Revolution (Macionis‚ 2011). The third urban revolution has now begun‚ however the rapid rate of urban growth is concentrated mainly in low-income nations. This trend is thought to be caused by falling death rates and migration of people moving toward inner cities in search of better jobs‚ education
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separation of categories of people.” (Macionis‚ 2012‚ p. 61) De jure segregation “Children assigned to schools specifically to maintain racially separated schools.” (Schaefer‚ 2012‚ p.414) Pluralism “A state in which people of all racial and ethnic categories have about the same overall social standing.” (Macionis‚ 2012‚ p. 63) Assimilation “The process by which minorities gradually adopt cultural patterns from the dominant majority population.” (Macionis‚ 2012‚ p. 63) Part II
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life of the Ching-a-Lings. Deviant subcultures is a theory‚ based off of Merton’s strain theory‚ that sees deviance as resulting not only from the lack of legal means to succeed‚ but also from the accessibility of illegal means to get to the top (Macionis‚ 2017). Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin predicted conflict and retreatist subcultures would arise in the case of people being unable to find any opportunity. The members of the Ching-a-Ling gang exhibit many of the behaviors that can be analyzed
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was based. First‚ the structural-functionalist approach allowed me to better view the Honorable Men of Hopewell and their extensive power in the Delta. John J. Macionis defines this perspective as a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability (Macionis: 11). The Honorable Men of Hopewell are in charge of making all of the important economic decisions. “We’re deciding the future of this great state‚ and that’s
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