region‚ but not below that region of the body. Questions 1. Describe the functional anatomy of the spinal cord using the following terms: white matter‚ gray matter‚ tracts‚ roots and spinal nerves. 2. Define the terms reflex and spinal reflex and identify the components of a reflex arc. 3. Define the term spinal cord injury (SCI) and
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However you will not need to submit your answers to these questions‚ only the questions on the worksheet ( see below). Submit your answers as a word document to the Week 4 dropbox 1. Define a reflex and list the components of a reflex arc. The reflex arc is the nerve pathway involved in a reflex action including at its simplest a sensory nerve and a motor nerve with a synapse between. The components are receptor‚ sensory neurons‚ motor neurons‚ relay neurons‚ and effector. 2. Describe
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neuropathies damage peripheral nerves. Which component of the reflex arc is most likely to be damaged in Nick’s situation? I think a lot of Nicks reflex arc damage would begin at the sensory neuron. Stimuli are still triggering the receptor‚ but the information isn’t traveling along the damaged sensory neuron to continue the arc to the integrating centers‚ motor neurons‚ and effectors‚ though the damage could be further along in the reflex arc providing basically the same symptoms. D. Which division
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experimented on to understand how learning worked. The experiment started with shocking the Aplysia snail to teach it of the dangers of its new environment. When the snail’s siphon is touched‚ it triggers a defensive mechanism‚ a withdrawal reflex. It is this reflex that lets scientists know the Aplysia has formed new memories as it is on high alert and fearful from its past experiences of getting shocked. The scientists compared two snails‚ one with past experiences of being shocked and one that had
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An international journal published by the Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology Printed in Nigeria Cofactor interactions in the activation of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase: Synergistic effects of Zn2+ and Mg2+ ions Femi J. OLORUNNIJI*‚ Adedoyin IGUNNU‚ Joseph O. ADEBAYO‚ Rotimi O. ARISE and Sylvia O. MALOMO Department of Biochemistry‚ University of Ilorin‚ P.M.B. 1515 Ilorin‚ Nigeria Received 19 March 2007 MS/No BKM/2007/028‚ © 2007 Nigerian Society for Experimental
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Chapter 15 Signal Transduction 1) Endocrine‚ paracrine ‚ autocrine signaling‚ and cell-cell contact (Fig. 15-2). Endocrine signaling is long distance signaling. An example would be pancreatic cells secreting insulin. Paracrine signaling is for close proximity. An example would be a nerve cell releasing neurotransmitters. In autocrine signaling the cell that produces the ligand also contains the receptor for that ligand. This is how cancer cells work. In signaling by plasma membrane attached
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Nervous System Functions of the Nervous System 1. Detect changes and feel sensations 2. Initiate responses to changes 3. Organize and store information Divisions 1. Central Nervous System – brain and spinal cord 2. Peripheral Nervous System – cranial nerves and spinal nerves (relays info to/from the CNS) - Autonomic Nervous System Nerve Tissue – neurons (nerve fibers) and specialized cells (Schwann‚ neuroglia) 1. Neuron cell body contains the nucleus; cell bodies are in the CNS or trunk;
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1. What is the main question this paper is trying to address? The main question that the authors of the paper are trying to answer is whether delayed long-term memory consolidation of certain learning experiences that is observed in mammals is also present in other animals‚ specifically in Drosophila‚ and if so‚ to try to understand the neural pathways that are involved in the process of memory acquisition and consolidation‚ and understanding how the information acquired from the learning experience
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A. Evolution and Behavior 1. Study microevolution by viewing domestication and natural selection in the wild. 2. Domestic dogs attack prey differently than their ancestral wolves do due to behavioral selection 3. In domesticating foxes‚ you are selecting for neotenous traits and a suppressed adrenal gland that made the foxes less aggressive 4. Natural disasters or major ecological changes are good examples of looking at microevolution 5. When studying behavior
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substances to reach all tissues easily. If the ratio is low‚ in mechanisms to carry materials to all parts of the body. This is the reason for special transport system such as blood circulatory system. The pH of blood is 7. COMPOSITION OF BLOOD The mammalian blood is composed of red blood cells‚ white blood cells‚ platelets‚ plasma and serum. RED BLOOD CELLS (ERYTHROCYTES) They are biconcave discs‚ numbering on average between 4.5 to 5 million per millimeter of blood. They are produced in the marrow
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