THE USE OF COST-VOLUME-PROFIT ANALYSIS AS A MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR DECISION MAKING CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BREWERIES PLC TABLE OF CONTENTS Title page Dedication Acknowledgement Abstract Table of contents CHAPTER ONE 1. INTRODUCTION OF “COST VOLUME PROFIT ANALYSIS AS A MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR DECISION MAKING” 1.1 Background of study 2. Statement of the problem 3. Objectives of the study 4. Significance of the study 5. Research Questions 6. Research
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21 : Theory of Cost 1 Recap from last Session Production cost Types of Cost: Accounting/Economic Analysis Cost –Output Relationship Short run cost Analysis Prof. Trupti Mishra‚ School of Management‚ IIT Bombay Session Outline The Long-Run Cost-Output Relations Break-Even Analysis: Linear Cost and Revenue Functions. Break-Even Analysis: Non-Linear Cost and Revenue Function Prof. Trupti Mishra‚ School of Management‚ IIT Bombay long-run is a period for which all inputs
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MARGINAL PROPENSITY TO CONSUME DATA INDIA Household 1950-51 TO 1962-63 Rural C‚=-425.7302+0.9291Yt+0.2631P‚ 0.9999 1.1108 Urban C‚ = 674.9379 4- 0.3345 Yt f+0.8585 P‚ 0.7847 1.6456 (0.2223) (1.3951) Overall C‚ = -513.7060 + 0.7238 Y + 0.7543 P‚ 0.9945 1.0174 DATA CHINA The marginal propensity to consume of Chinese households has been in a downward trend. Urban residents’ marginal propensity to consume fell from 0.85 in 2002 to 0.56 in 2008‚ while rural residents’ marginal
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are they‚ and when are they valid. (4) For Example 4 (page 181)‚ how many units be produced and sold in order to (a) earn a profit of $1.5 million‚ and (b) earn zero profit (break even)? (5) A manufacturer of microcomputers produces three different models. The following table summarizes wholesale prices‚ material cost per unit‚ and labor cost per unit. Annual fixed costs are $25 million. ________________________________________ __________Microcomputers_________
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1- the greater fixed costs? 2- The greater variable cost rate? 3-The greater per unit revenue? 1- B 2- B 3- A b. Which provider ha the greater contribution margin? B c. Which provider needs the higher volume to break even? A d. How would the graphs below change if the providers were operating in a discounted fee-for-service environment? In a capitated environment Revenue and Costs ($) Total Costs Loss
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supporters of laissez-faire‚ such as Milton Friedman to Post-Keynesian supporters of economic interventionism‚ such as Joan Robinson. Brief history of demand curve and supply curve According to Hamid S. Hosseini‚ the power of supply and demand was understood to some extent by several early Muslim economists‚ such as Ibn Taymiyyah who illustrates- “If desire for goods increases while its availability decreases‚ its price rises. On the other hand‚ if availability of the good increases and the desire
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Games are principally used once there’s some time left at the top of the lesson to stay students quiet. However‚ Lee (1979‚ p. 3) proposes that “games mustn’t be considered a marginal activity‚ filling in odd moments once the teacher and class don’t have anything better to try to to.” With this in mind‚ games ought to be placed into the middle of room teaching and that they mustn’t be treated as a just tune-up activity. Rinvolucri (1990) clarifies that a game is employed in any of those 3 stages
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2) Explain why a profit maximizing firm produces the output that equates marginal revenues to marginal costs (MR=MC). In a perfectly competitive market‚ producers are price-takers and consumers are price-takers. There are many producers‚ none having a large market share and the industry produces a standardized product‚ also free entry and exit of the industry. They produce using the optimal output rule: produce where marginal revenue equals marginal cost as Smith (1904) demonstrated. Figure
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Perfect competition: For a market to be perfectly competitive‚ one of the main criteria is that all firms (and consumers) are price takers. The following conditions are also necessary: 1. There must be many buyers and sellers in the market for an identical product. 2. Firms’ products are identical. 3. Buyers and sellers must be fully informed about prices‚ products‚ and technology. 4. There are no barriers to entry (or exit). 5. Selling firms are profit-maximizing entrepreneurial
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PERFECT COMPETION Competition in the market can be either perfect or imperfect. The classical economists assumed the existence of perfect competition‚ and all their analysis is based on this assumption. It has been pointed out that the real world is full of imperfect competition. Perfect competition or Competitive market is a market with many buyers and sellers trading identical products so that each buyer and seller is a price taker. Competitive market is characterized with: 1. There are large
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