CHAPTER 4 : COST-VOLUME-PROFIT ANALYSIS : A MANAGERIAL PLANNING TOOL SUMMARY Cost-Volume-Profit analysis estimates how changes in costs (both variable and fixed)‚ sales volume‚ and price affect a company’s profit. CVP is a powerful tool for planning and decision making. Operating Income = Total revenue – Total Expense Contribution margin is the difference between sales and variable expense. It is the amount of sales revenue left over after all the variable expenses are covered that can be used
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Pure Competition ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS 21-1 Briefly state the basic characteristics of pure competition‚ pure monopoly‚ monopolistic competition‚ and oligopoly. Under which of these market classifications does each of the following most accurately fit? (a) a supermarket in your hometown; (b) the steel industry; (c) a Kansas wheat farm; (d) the commercial bank in which you or your family has an account; (e) the automobile industry. In each case justify your classification. Pure competition:
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Perfect Competition In economic theory‚ perfect competition describes markets such that no participants are large enough to have the market power to set the price of a homogeneous product. Because the conditions for perfect competition are strict‚ there are few if any perfectly competitive markets. Still‚ buyers and sellers in some auction-type markets‚ say for commodities or some financial assets‚ may approximate the concept. Perfect competition serves as a benchmark against which to measure
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their operations into cost or profit centers. It is a management and strategic decision for companies to decide which divisions should be cost centers and which ones should be profit centers. . A cost center may actually provide services that could generate a profit if they were offered on the open market. But in most corporate environments‚ cost centers are not expected to generate a profit and operation costs are treated as overhead. Departments that are typically cost centers include information
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Chapter 4 Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) Analysis Some things we know: The objective of every business is to make money (profit) for the owners Profit = Revenues – Expenses Revenues = Sales = Quantity sold x price per unit Expenses = the costs related to: the specific revenue (COGS) or the specific accounting period Matching Principle Role of Management is: Planning‚ control and performance measurement‚ and decision-making Decision-making relates to future
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relationship‚ shifts in a curve are caused by a change in: Select one: a. the slope of the curve. b. a factor not measured on the axes of the graph. c. one of the factors measured on either axes of the graph. d. any factor‚ whether measured on the axes of the graph or not. Feedback The correct answer is: a factor not measured on the axes of the graph.. Question 3 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Exhibit 2–4 Production possibilities curve data | A | B | C |
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Costing Implementation for a Not-For-Profit Darrell Ament‚ Author The author was tasked with setting up an activity based costing (ABC) system for a not-for-profit organization. The first thing done by the author was to use the internet to research the use of ABC systems for non-profits. The result was the conclusion by the author that QuickBooks’ class feature could be used to track expenses‚ revenues and balance sheet costs for the implementing ABC. Income‚ Revenue and Balance Sheet reports are then
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Conditions under which decisions are made are as follows: Certainty This is when individuals are informed about a problem‚ alternative solutions are obvious and the likely of each solutions are clear. With this condition you have everything under control as you know that should something happen‚ you already have measures in place to take care of that situation. An example is in the case whereby you are involved in a car accident‚ say when you take insurance for your car you add the option of being
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Perfect competition is a market structure characterized by a large number of buyers and sellers of essentially the same product. The firms produce a standardized product and there is a free entry and exit of these firms to and from the industry. The firm in a purely competitive market faces a perfectly elastic demand curve at the price determined by equilibrium in the market (Hirschey 379). The firm in a short-run supply curve is the short-run marginal cost curve above the minimum point on the average
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Relation between AR and MR Curves Assignment Help‚ Tutor Help Concepts of Revenue Total Average and Marginal Revenue The revenue of a firm jointly with its costs ascertains profits. Now let us discuss the concepts of revenue. The term revenue denotes to the receipts obtained by a firm from the scale of definite quantities of a commodity at various prices. The revenue concept relates to total revenue‚ average revenue and marginal revenue. 1. Total Revenue – It is the total sale proceeds
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