An Empirical Investigation of Arbitrage Pricing Theory: A case Zimbabwe Petros Jecheche University of Zimbabwe ABSTRACT This study investigates the Arbitrage Pricing Theory for the case of Zimbabwe using time series data from 1980 to 2005 within a vector autoregressive (VAR) framework. The Granger causality tests are conducted to establish the existence of causality among the variables like inflation‚ exchange rate and Gross Domestic Product. The VAR estimates as shown by the impulse response
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1 MEANING OF MOTIVATION Motivation has been variously defined by scholars‚ usually one or more of these words are include in the definition: desires‚ wants‚ aims‚ goals‚ drims‚ motives and incentives. “Motivation” is a Latin word‚ meaning “to move”. Human motives are internalized goals within individuals. As Berelson and Steiver state: “A motive is an inner state that energizes‚ activates or moves and directs or channels behaviour toward goals”. Definition of motivation “According
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Literature Review Topic. Motivation Title. Motivation in the workplace Introduction Motivation is a key important influence element in an organization growth and development‚ it is important that manager and leader in organization understand and recognise the important and effect motivation can impact on their organization. ‘’Motivation is the driving force within individuals that compels them physiologically and psychologically to pursue one or more goals to fulfil their needs or expectations
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Abraham Maslow and the Hierarchy of Needs After Abraham Maslow met Kurt Goldstein‚ who originated the concept of self-actualization‚ he began his movement for humanistic psychology. Early in his career Maslow worked with monkeys and he noticed that some needs took precedence over others. Maslow took this observation and created the theory of the Hierarchy of Needs. These needs were considered current motivations if they were not actualized. These needs are the Physiological Needs‚ the Safety and
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Maslow and Jung: Life and the Workplace Personality Theories: Steve Domalik PSY 250 Psychology of Personality Instructor: Pamela Poynter January 24‚ 2006 Maslow and Jung: Life and the Workplace We work‚ strive‚ succeed‚ and sometimes we fail. What drives us to succeed‚ or in some cases keeps us from success? Perhaps a better understanding of our motives‚ and the motives of our colleagues would help us make the personality changes we need to succeed. The way we interact with others in
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1. The Concept of Motivation Each concept or idea has its own history determined by the general evolution of human thought. For many years‚ the understanding of the term and the research on motivation were dominated by the so-called drive reduction theories. Psychologists identified a large number of human needs (both biological and psychological ones)‚ all of them causing inner tensions‚ which had to be released in one way or another. In 1964‚ Atkinson (quoted in Williams and Burden‚ 1997: 113)
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Motivation during Crisis: A Case Study on WASL Properties Authors: Ms Maryam Al Mehairi‚ Ms Shamsa Al Humairi‚ Ms Gina Martin‚ Mr Fahd Ali Malik and Mr Anas Ismail Kunju 1. Executive Summary 2. Introduction 2.1 WASL Properties Profile 2.2 Objectives 3. Application of Conceptual Framework 3.1 Research Methodology 3.2 Organizational Behavior Concepts relating to WASL case 3.2.1 Perception 3.2.2 Attitude 3.2.3 Group dynamics 3.2.4 Team processes 3.2.5 Job satisfaction and commitment
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Sears continued to grow throughout the early 1900’s. Nevertheless‚ in 1907‚ there was another downturn in the economy and Sears sales constricted for the first time (Bean‚ 2010). Sears wanted to expand operations in an effort to combat the economic depression‚ but Rosenwald and other business associates disagreed. According to Bean (2010) Sears felt like an outsider‚ so in 1908‚ he elected to resign as president and sold his share of the company for $10 million dollars. Even with the exit of Sears
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What was going on in Chicago in the late 60‘s and early 70‘s? - There was a lot of construction going on. The City was getting bigger and getting modernized and expanding with new skyscrapers‚ buildings and expressways. The Mayor of Chicago was Richard J. Daley Sr.. Chicago had not grown much since the Great Depression. Daley was a big part of the growth in the 60‘s and 70‘s. The 1968 Democratic Convention was held in Chicago. There were lots of civil right issues at the time. There was the Chicano
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A Brief Introduction to Motivation Theory 34 Votes Management Theories > Motivation Theory What is Motivation? Motivation is the answer to the question “Why we do what we do?”. The motivation theories try to figure out what the “M” is in the equation: “M motivates P” (Motivator motivates the Person). It is one of most important duty of an entrepreneur to motivate people. (I strongly belive that motivating people with visionary and shared goals is more favorable than motivating through
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