Notes: Anatomy & Physiology 1. Cells A cell is the basic‚ living‚ structural‚ and functional unit of the body. Cytology: the study of cells A generalized view of the cell 3 main parts of the cell: Plasma membrane‚ cytoplasm and nucleus. * Plasma (cell) membrane: * Outer‚ limiting membrane separating the cell `s internal components from the extracellular materials and external environment. * Cytoplasm (formed or molded): * Consist of all the cellular contents between
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polymerase can be used to identify suspects at a crime scene all of these 24. Gene therapy is standard gene therapy for cancer is a surgical technique that separates chromosomes that have failed to segregate properly during meiosis II. has been used successfully to treat victims of Huntington disorder by removing the dominant damaging autosomal allele and replacing it with a harmless one offers the possibility of replacing mutated genes with normal ones all of
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BIO FINAL STUDY GUIDE Scientific Method: 1) Observe something interesting 2) Educated idea = hypothesis (if – change/IV -… then – measure/DV… because) 3) Experiments 4) Analyze + conclude 5) Report it to world Science | Pseudoscience | -uses scientific method | -doesn’t use scientific method | -good hypothesis (falsifiable –provable) | -bad hypothesis (unfalsifiable) | -Repeatable + predictable | -unrepeatable | -1 variable | -none or many variables | -ex. Aliens
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Interkinesis - Chromosome still consist of two chromatids 2. Mitosis is simple cell division‚ two identical cells. Meiosis is cell division for gametes (sex cells). from parents. 3. Gametes are haploid. 4. Fertilized egg is called a zygote. 5. Another name for a tetrad was a bivalent. Synaptonemal complex is a protein structure that forms between two homologous chromosomes during meiosis. Chiasma is the point where two homologous non-sister chromatids exchange genetic material. Crossing over occurs
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Biology HL Portfolio The Cell and Cell Theory [pic] The cell The word cell comes from the Latin word “cellula”‚ which means a small room. The cell is the smallest unit of a living organism‚ also known as “the building block of life”. Every living organism is consisted of a cell. There are bacteria (unicellular organisms)‚ and multicellular organisms. There are different types of cells‚ prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. All cells come from preexisting cells. “Every cell is self-maintaining;
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DIFFUSION= The movement of atoms or molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Atoms and small molecules can move across a cell membrane by diffusion. OSMOSIS= Diffusion of fluid through a semipermeable membrane from a solution with a low solute concentration to a solution with a higher solute concentration until there is an equal concentration of fluid on both sides of the membrane. SELECTIVE PERMEABLE MEMBRANE=a membrane (as a cell membrane) that allows
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plants. The plant life cycle is consisted of two parts: the gametophyte phase where it produces gametes by mitosis and the sporophyte phase which produces spores by meiosis 2. Contrast the life cycle of plants to that of animals: Typical life cycle: alteration of generation (plants)‚ diploid (animals) Resulting structure from meiosis: spores-plants‚ gametes-animals Occurrence of mitosis: gamete production-plants‚ zygote to individual-animals 3. Compare mosses and ferns by completing the following
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INTRODUCTION Levels of organization (cell to biosphere) and characteristics of life Levels: Cells->tissue ->organs & organ systems->organisms->populations->communities->ecosystems-> biosphere Characteristics of life: Cell and Organization: Each cell can only do the job it is tasked with. Example: brain cells Energy Use and Metabolism: Energy is needed many organisms. Energy is utilized in chemical reactions Response to Environmental Changes: responds to stimuli Regulation and Homeostasis: ex:
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must be decondesed to appear in the form of chromatin and that too in form of euchromatin if DNA remained organized in the sense that they would not be accessible for transcription. Before the chromosomes condense the nuclear membrane goes through meiosis which is cell division between and egg and sperm cell that determines the sex of a baby. The sex is found by the sperm which carries a X and Y sex chromosomes. Before the cell divides two sets of chromosomes pair together and swap segments. The second
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types of fungi reproduction. A: (See below) 1. Fragmentation of the hyphae or mycelium. (Asexual) 2. Formation of conidiospores or sporangiospores. (Asexual) 3. Formation of gametes‚ which fuse to produce diploid zygotes. The zygotes undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores that grow back into the fungal hyphae. Q: List the types of specialized hyphae. A: Sporangiophores‚ rhizoids‚ and stolons. Q: How do most fungi reproduce? What are the mating types called? A: Asexually or sexually
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