The Locational Marginal Pricing (LMP) mechanism is one of the most commonly employed tools for market settlement in the deregulated power system environment. The proposed work is to determine LMP considering the transmission congestion in Optimal Power Flow (OPF) for an open access power market. The main function of LMP is to give an economic signal to the system operator for the competitive power market. The generator bids are supposed to same as their incremental costs in order
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Applications of option pricing in corporate finance Option pricing is used in four major areas of corporate finance: • Real Options Suppose a company has a 1-year proprietary license to develop a software application for use in a new generation of wireless cellular telephones. Hiring programmers and marketing consultants to complete the project will cost $30 million. The good news is that if consumers love the new cell phones‚ there will be a tremendous demand for the software. The bad news
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External factors that affect pricing decisions * External Factors - There are a number of influencing factors which are not controlled by the company but will impact pricing decisions. Understanding these factors requires the marketer conduct research to monitor what is happening in each market the company serves since the effect of these factors can vary by market. i) The nature of the market and demand ii) Elasticity of demand iii) Competitor’s cost‚ price and offers
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MARKETING MANAGEMENT 5. Branding‚ Labeling‚ Packaging & Pricing Brand What is a Brand? A Brand is a name‚ term‚ symbol or design to identify the goods or services and to differentiate them from those of the competitors. Effect – A Brand identifies the product for the buyer. A seller can earn the goodwill and have the patronage repeated. Brand – A name‚ term‚ sign‚ symbol or design or a combination of them which is intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group
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Center Parcs 25 years Write a report which explores how the current competitive and pricing strategies of Centre Parcs are a product of their external and competitive environment and to consider whether the strategies of Centre Parcs align with the expectations of responsible leadership that students have voiced. 4/5/2010 Introduction Throughout this semester we have been looking at the external and competitive enviroment of businesses. Looking at contemporary issues and aiming to
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address the following questions: 1. Who are the principal target segments for Red Bull and how are they positioned towards these target segments? 2. Analyse the Red Bull brand using any frameworks you judge appropriate. 3. Comment upon Red Bull’s pricing approach 4. Evaluate Red Bull’s distribution channel strategy 5. Would you describe Red Bull as a national‚ a European or a global brand – give reasons? 6‚ What marketing strategy would you recommend that Red Bull should adopt over the next 5 years
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RISK & CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL | | |Every financial investment contains some | |To see how the risk matrix (see below) described in this tutorial is used‚ please | |level of financial risk. This risk is | |take a look at FinanceIsland’s ROI analysis tool. You can try it out |usually expressed through the discount rate | |by subscribing for a free trial. |used in the financial analysis. Since the | |
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Pricing strategy in video game industry Video Gaming industry has gone dramatic changes when more and more digital platforms emerge and improved technology in portable devices‚ mainly in social games(Facebook‚ Myspace) and mobile games. 27% of US online population play at least one game on social network‚ and Facebook gaming revenue hit $1.32 billion in U.S market in 20111. Also‚ as more than more people have smart phone especially apple’s iOS devices‚ gaming application becomes more and more popular
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MARKETING CASE STUDY-4 Atlantic Computer: A bundle of Pricing Options Group 3 MBA Class of 2014 Alma Graduate School PRESENTATION OUTLINE Introduction Overview Issues Analysis Recommendations Strategic Implications INTRODUCTION Atlantic Computer has developed a new Tronn server and PESA software tool known as Atlantic Bundle and needs the right market price strategy for this product. The challenge is to attract customers and outcompete direct and main
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An Empirical Investigation of Arbitrage Pricing Theory: A case Zimbabwe Petros Jecheche University of Zimbabwe ABSTRACT This study investigates the Arbitrage Pricing Theory for the case of Zimbabwe using time series data from 1980 to 2005 within a vector autoregressive (VAR) framework. The Granger causality tests are conducted to establish the existence of causality among the variables like inflation‚ exchange rate and Gross Domestic Product. The VAR estimates as shown by the impulse response
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