Assess the merits of Utilitarianism (24 Marks) Utilitarianism is a theory aimed at defining one simple basis that can be applied when making any ethical decision. It is based on a human’s natural instinct to seek pleasure and avoid pain. Jeremy Bentham is widely regarded as the father of utilitarianism. He was born in 1748 into a family of lawyers and was himself‚ training to join the profession. During this process however‚ he became disillusioned by the state British law was in and set out
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Pan’s Labyrinth is as much of a fantastic fairy tale as it is a story about how fairy tales clash with fascism of the post-Civil War Spain. It is seemingly far too often that fantastic films are a disappointment‚ by patronizing the viewer‚ making no statement about the real world and is merely a form of youthful escapism. Director Guillermo Del Toro provides a much needed serious fantasy. The film is also special in the fact there is not a national identity attached to it. It is not a national
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The Rise of Hitler and German Fascism I. The Weakness of Weimar Democracy * Why did Weimar Implode? * The legacy of WW1 tainted the new government with military defeat * The “stab in the back” legend – betrayed by left * Economic Turbulence * Hyperinflation to pay reparations * It lacks a strong popular mandate * The Extreme Left and Right both oppose Weimar – battling each other in armed street battles and attempting
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First and the Second World War‚ there were rises of Totalitarianism in the world and Nazism in Germany and Fascism in Italy were the most important forms of totalitarianism which directly led to the outbreak of Second World War. These two political systems had some common feasters and also some differences. There were many similarities between these two parties. Firstly‚ Nazism and Fascism both adopted a one-party dictatorship. In both countries‚ all other political parties except themselves were
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and the Fascist belief in absolute control by one supreme leader. After World War I‚ Italy was upset that they didn’t get the land they were promised and Germany was angered by the reparations that they faced. In Benito Mussolini’s The Doctrine of Fascism he wrote‚ “The Italian people will rise again to create a new Roman Empire‚ and once again the Italian people will lead the world.” Hitler hoped to develop an Aryan racial state that would dominate Europe and the rest of the world (Spielvogel 853)
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Fascists and Nazis share similar political and social ideologies‚ but these two ideologies are different. Fascism is a political system under which other bodies or political systems occur. Nazism on the other hand‚ emerges from fascist ideologies and is restricted to one country that reintroduced other principles such as predominance and racial superiority. Therefore‚ to say that all fascist are Nazis would be a precise observation because Nazi political system is essentially fascist. To argue this
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DOCTRINE OF FASCISM Benito Mussolini outlines several essential characteristics of his preferred political ideology‚ Fascism‚ in what has become known as the Doctrine of Fascism. In this paper‚ Mussolini outlines his vision of the ideology‚ and explains the major issues that Fascism will address once it becomes the leading political system in Italy. Mussolini’s major points as outlined in the Doctrine included an extreme emphasis on nationalism‚ organization and modernization of the state‚ persistent
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never-ending happiness and wealth. Both ideas went against traditional ideas from a social‚ political‚ and cultural point of view. Both believed in the eradication of the old ways‚ and building a new order of life. This ideas happened to be Communism and Fascism‚ which combined only brought violence‚ millions of people killed and led humanity into a dark period. Even though these ideologies are often confused as the same‚ they have a lot of different believes and attitudes toward how things should be done
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1. Fascism challenged the ideas and practices of European liberalism and democracy in many ways. Democracy and liberalism was all about giving more power to the people‚ they encouraged people to share their thoughts and get more involved in their government. Fascists believed the opposite. Violence was encouraged against enemies‚ they condemned liberalism‚ individualism‚ feminism‚ and parliamentary democracy. All of which were thought to divide and weaken a nation. 2. The German’s expression of
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In his exploration of 20th century fascism between the wars‚ Payne (1995) described Mussolini as the most liberal of the totalitarian personalities that dominated that period. Perhaps this was a vestige of his earlier involvement with revolutionary socialism‚ or a reflection from his early years. Yet‚ the fact remains that Mussolini‚ along with Hitler‚ was an architect of fascism and of the policies that led to World War II. The intention in the following pages is to explore Mussolini ’s rise to
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