PREPARATION OF BIODIESEL FROM WASTE COOKING OIL In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering Submitted by Ritesh Shukla Pankaj Singh Bais Ciby Ninan Ankush Deshmukh Under the guidance of Prof. SUSHANT S. SATPUTALEY (Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering) Academic Year 2010-11 Department of Mechanical Engineering ST. VINCENT
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[19593 Organic Chemistry of the Tramition Elements. Part r. View Online 551 Downloaded by University of Washington on 01 February 2011 Published on 01 January 1959 on http://pubs.rsc.org | doi:10.1039/JR9590000551 113. The Organic Chemistry of the Transition Elements. Part I. Tricarbonylchromium Derivatives of Aromatic Compounds. By B. NICHOLLS M. C. WHITING. and Many aromatic compounds‚ ArH‚ displace carbon monoxide from chromium hexacarbonyl with the formation of complexes Cr(CO)
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hypothesized the final ester would be octyl acetate. For test tube C I hypothesized it would be methyl salicylate. For test tube D I hypothesized it would be isopentyl acetate. Materials and Methods Apparatus 4 test tubes Test tube rack Graduated cylinder (10 mL) 150 mL beaker 250 mL beakers (2) Hot plate Thermometer Safety glasses Beaker tongs Test tube holder Reagents Methanol Methyl-2-propanol 1-pentanol 1-octanol Acetic acid Formic acid (methanoic acid) Salicylic acid
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Isopentyl Acetate Synthesis Results: Crude % Yield Calculation Reaction: H2SO4 C2H4O2(aq) + C5H12O(aq) ----> C7H14O2(aq) + H2O(l) (1 mole of acetic acid reacts with 1 mole of isopentyl alcohol to make 1 mole of isopentyl acetate and 1 mold of water) Volume of isopentyl alcohol (d=0.809g/mL; MW=88.15g/mol): 2.5mL Moles of isopentyl alcohol: (2.5mL)(0.809g/1mL)(1mol/88.15g) = 0.02294mol Volume of glacial acetic acid (d=1.06g/mL; MW=60g/mol): 3.5mL Moles of glacial
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Topic 8a – Carbonyl compounds Revision Notes 1. Introduction • Aldehydes and ketones are carbonyl compounds • They contain the carbonyl group C=O • The functional group in aldehydes is –CHO on the end of a chain e.g. ethanal CH3CHO • The functional group in ketones is C=O not at the end of a chain e.g. propanone CH3COCH3 2. AS Recap • Primary alcohols are oxidised by acidified potassium dichromate. An aldehyde is produced first and this can be further oxidised
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(1977) Agbalumo pectin; Extraction and Properties 21. Institute of food Technology (I.F.T). (1959) Pectin standardization: Final Report of the I.F.T Committee‚ J 22. Speiser‚ R. and Eddy‚ C.R (1946) Effect of Molecular weight and Method of de-esterification on the gelling 23. Hills C.H Moltern‚ H.H Nutting‚ G.C and Speiser‚ R (1949)
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Conclusion: ¬¬The goal of the first part of this experiment was to achieve a 50-50 conversion of fluorene to Fluorenone. In order to achieve the goal of the experiment fluorene was oxidized to Fluorenone. The hydroxide ions from the sodium hydroxide in the presence of Stark’s catalyst would be able to de-protonate the acidic fluorene protons. This would result in the formation of a carbanion which attacks the oxygen from the air resulting in the formation of a hydroperoxide and eventually a ketone
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except those from methyl ethanoate‚ 1butyl ethanoate and methyl salicylate were not the expected results. Most of the esters produced had a strong smell similar to nail polish remover or nail polish‚ with the 2propyl ethanoate and vinegar smelling 1propyl ethanoate actually being expected to smell like pears. The 1butanyl ethanoate followed the expected results smelling like an apple flavour‚ as well as with methyl ethanoate smelling like the expected nail polish. The methyl salicylate also followed
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The present invention relates to polyvinyl chloride plastisol compositions‚ for example sealant compositions. In the manufacture of automobiles‚ the automobile body is initially primed with a coating composition to prevent corrosion of the metal. This can be done in a number of ways although generally it is performed by cationic electrodeposition using the auto body as the cathode. Once the automobile body has been primed in this manner‚ subsequent steps in the assembly are carried out. These
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Susceptible to both nucleophiles and electrophiles Presence of C=O TEST FOR ALDEHYDES AND KETONES - - Reaction with 2‚4-DNP (Dinitrophenylhydrazine) Positive: Formation of yellow precipitate IODOFORM TEST - Carbonyl compounds: Methyl ketones will give a positive result Postive: Yellow precipitate (CHI3) MOLISCH’S TEST for carbohydrates - TOLLEN’S TEST – for aldehydes - - Test for easily oxidizable compounds (ex. Aldehydes) Positive: Silver mirror deposit -
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