INSTRUCTIONS ON “HOW TO REFERENCE” Bibliography: Citations must be consistent in author name(s) (spelling and name order) and publication date between the text and the bibliography at the end. Any reference in the text must be matched by a full entry in the end bibliography. Entries in the bibliography must be matched by entries in the text; if nor they should be deleted. Citations must include all information necessary to enable the reader to locate the referenced publication. The examples
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Executive SummaryThe macro-environment consists of larger societal forces that affect entire micro-environment. The six forces making up the company’s macro-environment include demographic‚ economic‚ natural‚ technological‚ political/legal‚ and social-cultural forces. Companies must constantly watch and adapt to the marketing environment in order to seek opportunities and ward off threats. “The marketing environment comprises all the actors and forces influencing the company’s ability to transact
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PART 2 Marketing Analysis 3 4 5 6 7 8 The marketing environment Understanding consumer behaviour Understanding organizational buying behaviour Understanding marketing ethics and corporate social responsibility Marketing research and information systems Market segmentation and positioning 72 108 145 180 216 259 CHAPTER “ Change is the only constant. 3 1 2 3 4 5 A. TOFFLER ” The marketing environment LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter‚ you should be able to: describe
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3. How do the entry and exit of firms in a purely competitive industry affect resource flows and long‐run profits and losses? LO3 Answer: Entry and exit help to improve resource allocation. Firms that exit an industry due to low profits release their resources to be used more profitably in other industries. Firms that enter an industry chasing higher profits bring with them resources that were less profitably used in other industries. Both processes increase allocative efficiency. In the long
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peak‚ and recession. The length of an average business cycle can be anywhere from 2-15 years. Capital goods and durable goods last‚ and therefor purchases can be postponed. This may happen when a recession is predicted to be lurking. Durable goods industries therefor suffer large output declines during recessions. However‚ consumers cannot postpone the buying of nondurables; therefore recessions only slightly reduce non-durable output. 2. Unexpected increase of prices of assets‚ followed by abrupt
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COMPANY Launched in October 1968 (Procter & Gamble‚ 2010) Pringles was sold to Kellogg in 2012 for $2‚7 billion. (Woodley‚ 2012) Pringles chips are available in a variety of unusual and irresistible flavours such as Ketchup‚ BBQ‚ Jalapeño e.t.c. (Procter & Gamble‚ 2010) There are snack size packages (40g) available and sharing packages (190g) as well. (Procter & Gamble‚ 2010) (The company profile page has more information about the company of pringles) COMPETITORS There is intense competition
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The airline industry is very much influenced by the rapid and dramatic changes taking place in the environment. All around the world‚ aircraft carriers are facing increases in fuel prices and are vulnerable to expensive disruptions like the 2010 volcanic eruption in Iceland. (paragraph 1‚p.11) Trade unions‚ who drive up costs‚ and regulators are legal factors which prevent aircraft companies from implementing their own ways of cutting costs. (paragraph 6‚p12) Ryanair‚ the largest low-cost carrier
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A. Throughout American history there have been periods of financial boom and bust‚ economic growth and recession. The most recent recession from the third quarter 2007 to the second quarter 2009 seemed like an extraordinary period of recession. The S&P 500 shrank from about 1300 points to 666 points (50%)‚ evaporating capital in a matter of days. However‚ this recessionary period was quickly turned around to economic growth again. The average post-World War II length of economic contraction
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Standard Chartered is the world’s leading emerging markets bank headquartered in London. Standard Chartered employs 30‚000 people in over 500 locations in more than 50 countries in the Asia Pacific Region‚ South Asia‚ the Middle East‚ Africa‚ the United Kingdom and the Americas. It is one of the world’s most international banks‚ with a management team comprising 70 nationalities. Standard Chartered has been committed to Hong Kong and China for nearly 150 years. Standard Chartered Bank opened its
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Diageo is a company that produces and distributes alcoholic beverages. Its products include all three branches of this industry – spirits‚ wine and beer. The brands that the company produces include well-known names like Smirnoff‚ Johny Walker scotch whiskey‚ Baileys‚ Captain Morgan rum‚ Tanqueray gin‚ Guiness beer‚ Don Perignon champagne‚ and many others. One can find the products produced by this company in nearly 180 countries all around the world. The company’s offices are located in 80 countries
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