expression by Host Microflora through Interspecies Communication.” Molecular Microbiology 50.5 (2003): 1477-1491. Dunny‚ Gary M. and Betina A.B. Leonard. “Cell-Cell Communication in Gram-Positive Bacteria.” Annual Review of Microbiology 51 (1997):527-564. Lee Chan‚ Yong‚ Dennis J. O’Kane‚ and Edward A. Meighen. “Riboflavin Synthesis Genes Are Linked with the lux Operon of Photobacterium phosphoreum.” American Society for Microbiology 176.7 (1994): 2100-2104. Mel’Kina‚ O.E.‚ I.V. Manukhov and G.B. Zavilgelsky
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1. What are antibodies and why are antibodies ideal for targeting? An antibody‚ also known as an immunoglobulin‚ is a large Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses. The antibody recognizes a unique part of the foreign target‚ termed an antigen.[1][2] Each tip of the "Y" of an antibody contains a paratope (a structure analogous to a lock) that is specific for one particular epitope (similarly analogous to a key) on an antigen
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History of Microbiology and Culture Media ...................................................................................................3 Microorganism Growth Requirements .............................................................................................................4 Functional Types of Culture Media
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Exam 2 Study Guide Bio 202 Chapter 13 Differentiate a virus from a bacterium Describe the chemical and physical structure of both an enveloped and a nonenveloped virus. (Include a description of the envelope‚ capsid‚ and core The nucleic acid of a virus is protected by a protein coat called the capsid. The structure of the capsid is ultimately determined by the viral nucleic acid and accounts for most of the mass of a virus‚ especially of small ones. Each capsid
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packing everything it needs to survive until conditions improve. C. tetani is found mostly in warm‚ damp areas‚ especially in soil‚ but can also be found in the intestines or feces of many animals (Wells‚ 1983). The medical importance of bacterial endospores is significant. While it is typically pretty easy to kill off vegetative cells‚ no matter how scary a pathogen they may be‚ bacterial
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Martinko J‚ Parker J (2004). Brock Biology of Microorganisms (10th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Reasoner‚ D.J. & Geldreich E.E. (1995). A new medium for the enumeration and subculture of bacteria from portable water. Applied and Environmental Microbiology.49‚ 1-7.
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and objects that will not melt. Incineration burns organisms and physically destroys them. This method is used for needles‚ inoculating wires‚ glassware‚ etc. Boiling at 100oC for 30 minutes kills almost all endospores. Very long or intermittent boiling is required to kill endospores and sterilize a solution. Toxic chemicals and gas such as formaldehyde‚ glutaraldehyde‚ and ethylene oxide can kill allforms of life in a specialized gas chamber. C. What is pure culture? Why is it important to
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tetracycline‚ erythromycin‚ and ciprofloxacin. As far as methods of prevention‚ there is a vaccine available for those whom are at high risk‚ for example‚ veterinarians‚ lab technicians‚ etc. One interesting fact about Bacillus subtilis is its endospores can survive up to 6 years in space if coated by dust particles protecting it from solar UV rays
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below in your lab report. Lab Questions: This procedure is used to separate what two types of bacteria? This separation is based on differences in what physical trait? What is the iodine used for in this staining technique? Why is it important to heat fix the bacteria prior to the staining procedure? If you had a bacteria sample that you knew to be gram positive but your gram stain results indicated that it was gram negative‚ how would you proceed and can you think of any reasons why this may
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of antibodies binding specifically to antigens in biological tissues.[1] IHC takes its name from the roots "immuno‚" in reference to antibodies used in the procedure‚ and "histo‚" meaning tissue (compare to immunocytochemistry). Immunohistochemical staining is widely used in the diagnosis of abnormal cells such as those found in cancerous tumors. A video showing preparation for immunohistochemistry (8 minutes) and then 20 minutes scanning through immunohistochemically stained tissues near colon cancers
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