ESTERIFICATION SYNTHESIS OF PEAR OIL One of the major uses of Esterification (C(=O)-C-R) is forming compounds with different odors which can be used to make different synthetic and natural flavorings. Using the chemical and physical properties of organic compounds‚ an ester was catalyzed from the reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol‚ producing an odor similar to that of pear oil. The mechanism of this Fischer- Esterification process is outlined as follows:
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12U Equilibrium Unit Test Multiple Choice K/U Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. When solid lead(II) phosphate is in equilibrium with its ions‚ the ratio of lead(II) ions to phosphate ions is which of the following? a. 1:1 d. 2:3 b. 1:2 e. 3:2 c. 2:1 ____ 2. In a saturated solution of silver phosphate‚ the concentration of silver ion is 4.5 10-4 mol/L. The Ksp of silver phosphate would be which of the following
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Explain the effects of the Purges? Introduction The Great Purge was a campaign of political repression in the Soviet Union orchestrated by Joseph Stalin from 1934 to 1939. It involved a large-scale purge of the Communist Party and government officials‚ repression of peasants and the Red Army leadership‚ and widespread police surveillance‚ suspicion of "saboteurs"‚ imprisonment‚ and arbitrary executions. 1st Para Scientists‚ Doctors and Engineers‚ were heavily targeted‚ imprisoned and killed.
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Data-based questions Study the photos below and answer the following questions. Photo A Photo B Photo C (a) What are industries shown in photos A‚ B and C respectively? (3 marks) (b) Draw a diagram to illustrate the manufacturing system of the industry shown in photo A. (4 marks) (c) Describe and explain the characteristics of these three industries. (i) Photo A (3 marks) (ii) Photo B (3 marks) (iii) Photo C (in tradition) (3 marks) (d) How do personal factors affect
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______ 1. Chemistry is a natural science that deals with the study of a. living things and their life processes. b. the physical features of Earth. c. the composition‚ structure‚ properties‚ and changes of matter. d. the composition‚ motion‚ and relative positions of stars and planets. ______ 2. The branch of chemistry in which the compositions of materials are identified is known as a. biochemistry. b. organic chemistry. c. physical chemistry. d. analytical chemistry. ______ 3. Which
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Lab #4 The Synthesis of Organic Polymers CHM2123‚ Section C October 21‚ 2014 Introduction: Organic polymers are macromolecules that are composed of smaller molecules called monomers. There are two main groups of polymers: natural polymers and unnatural (synthetic) polymers. Natural polymers include proteins such as cellulose and starch and are a necessity for our existence. On the other hand‚ synthetic polymers such as the polycarbonate in our lab goggles
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Objectives The main objective of this experiment is to differentiate between a physical change and a chemical change. A physical change includes a change in the material without affecting its composition‚ such as the physical state change. However‚ a chemical change includes the change in the composition of the substance. The change in color‚ formation of a gas or a solid product‚ and the production of energy are the evidences of a chemical reaction‚ thus‚ of a chemical change. Materials
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Consulting Report Mechanical Properties Cold-Rolled Steel Student: Predrag Bogunovic STUDENT ID: 11807777 DATE: 4-APR-2014 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 2 2 Methods .......................................................................................................................................... 2 3 Results......................................
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from valves to electronics‚ down to microelectronics and quantum computing. It mirrors the downsizing in focus in the biological sciences‚ from cells to genomics. Conversely‚ achievements in chemistry have been converging into the nanometre range from below – from atoms and molecules to supramolecular chemistry. Nanochemisty focuses on the unique properties of materials in the 1–100 nm scale. The physical‚ chemical‚ electrical‚ optical and magnetic properties of these materialsare all significantly
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Chemistry and cosmetics Cosmetics have been around since almost the beginning of time. Egyptian women used kohl to darken their eyelids‚ Cleopatra was even said to have bathed in milk to achieve a soft smooth completion. In Greece‚ women used lead carbonate (a white powder) to obtain a pale complexion‚ which probably wasn’t worth it seeing how it cost them their lives! Anyway‚ cosmetics are no modern phenomenon! Today it is a big business‚ making about $12 billion
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