which the process of determining whether a strand of DNA is either positively or negatively charged. The container in which the gel is stored has a negative and positive side; whichever side the DNA molecules go to means the DNA is charged the opposite way. (Ware‚ Lunte‚ Gardiner)For example if a DNA molecule goes to the negative side that means that the DNA is positively charged and vice versa. The agarose gel is composed of a fine powder substance‚ water and a buffer solution. The solution must be boiled
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over view and for a reference as you work through these problems http://www.wiley.com/college/chem/spencer053872/tutorial/gramsmoles/gramsmoles1.html We can use this to do mathematical conversions to determine mass‚ volume‚ and number of atoms or molecules in a given substance. For example let’s check out this video to convert moles methane (CH4) to grams of methane. http://www.sciencegeek.net/Chemistry/Video/Unit4/GMV2.shtml Once you have finished the video let’s practice by completing these problems
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angle of the O─C─O bond in the citric acid molecule below? O O OH OH HO 1A) 120° 2B) 109.5° 3C) slightly smaller than 120° 4D) slightly smaller than 109.5° 5E) slightly larger than 120° Copyright © 2014 Pearson Canada Inc. O HO Slide 10-3 Q3: What is the hybridization of the carbon atoms in ethylene (H2C=CH2)? 1A) sp 2B) sp2 3C) sp3 4D) sp4 5E) not hybridized Copyright © 2014 Pearson Canada Inc. Slide 10-4 Q4: Which of the following molecules is the most polar? Br Te Cl Br F Cl Te
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conference. Close to two thousand of those in attendance are undergraduate‚ Easdon said and “many of them are presenting their senior research at a poster session‚ just like Chase did.” Sigler said the goal of his research was to “synthesize interesting molecules which could be anti-biotic precursors.” Singlar said much of his research revolved around structures known as beta-lactam rings. “It’s a four-member ring and has a nitrogen
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guidelines for drawing correct Lewis Structures of covalent molecules (and also polyatomic ions). 1. Determine the Number of valence electrons in the Lewis Structure: One of the easiest ways to start drawing a Lewis Structure is to make a list of each atom in the structure and next to each atom record how many valence electrons it has and how many it needs to fill its valence shell. In covalent bonding the valence electrons in the molecule come from the valence electrons in the atoms that formed
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net transport of molecules from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration by random molecular motion. The result of diffusion is a gradual mixing of material. In a phase with uniform temperature‚ absent external net forces acting on the particles‚ the diffusion process will eventually result in complete mixing or a state of equilibrium. Basically‚ it is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to a lower area." 2/ In diffusion‚ molecules move : a from high
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CHM113 summer 2014 Name: __________________________ EXAM 4 SHOW YOUR WORK 1) Of the molecules below‚ the bond in __________ is the least polar. A) HBr B) HI C) HCl D) HF E) H2 2) Ethanol (C2H5OH) melts at -114°C. The enthalpy of fusion is 5.02 kJ/mol. The heat capacity of solid and liquid ethanol are 0.97 J/g-K and 2.3 J/g-K‚ respectively. How much heat (kJ) is needed to convert 25.0 g of solid ethanol at -135°C to liquid ethanol at -50°C? A) 207.3 B) -12.7 C) 6.91 D) 4192 E)
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of dissolved solids by the solution through a semi permeable membrane under an external pressure. The external pressure usually provided with the help of a pump is required to overcome the osmotic pressure or the atmospheric pressure. Due to this molecules with lower molecular
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How do ionic compounds form? How do electrons change the shape of a molecule? These are just a couple of the questions that this paper will answer. How do ionic compounds form? Ionic compounds are formed by positive and negative ions. An ionic bond means that there are valence electrons being shared between the two molecules. This can cause the molecule to become negative or positively charged. An ionic compound is formed by the complete transfer of electrons from a metal to a nonmetal and the
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thermal and random movement of molecules. Diffusion is a process of equalization which involves movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. There are several factors/influence may affect the rate of diffusion of substances. These factors include concentration of gradient‚ size of molecule involved‚ distance the molecules has to travel‚ temperature‚ solubility of the molecule and surface area of the membrane over which the molecule can work. The larger the particle
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