describe what profit and loss accounts are. PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT By law business are required to provide annual financial statements‚ which will appear in their company report‚ there are two main types of financial statements‚ one is balance sheet and the other is a profit and loss account. A profit and loss account is a record which can be updated regularly and generally shows businesses transactions made over a period of time (usually within 12 months)‚ An example profit and loss account
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had the objective to find hidden profits and losses contained in their current accounting system. The old system did not fully disclose how their costs were applied to the sales accounts. The goals are very sensible as they will allow them to move forward with the proper information. 2. Why did Ridderstråle feel that the previous cost system was inadequate for the new strategy? The new strategy/system was needed “to promote high-margin products to high-profit customers.” The old system didn’t
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2) Explain why a profit maximizing firm produces the output that equates marginal revenues to marginal costs (MR=MC). In a perfectly competitive market‚ producers are price-takers and consumers are price-takers. There are many producers‚ none having a large market share and the industry produces a standardized product‚ also free entry and exit of the industry. They produce using the optimal output rule: produce where marginal revenue equals marginal cost as Smith (1904) demonstrated. Figure
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#1-E) Experience with Revenue Recognition--- Do you have any experience related to revenue recognition? Surely‚ I do #2-Please read the financial statement analysis case (Merck & Johnson & Johnson) on page 613‚ Chapter 12. Please read the instructions for (a)‚ (b)‚ and (c) and address the three questions that are asked. Case Merck & Johnson & Johnson are two leaders producers of health care products. Each has considerable assets‚ and each expends considerable funds each year toward the development
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CHAPTER 2: RELEVANT REVENUES AND COSTS The primary goal of a firm is to maximize profits. This implies‚ of course‚ that each decision a manager makes is consistent with that goal. Although managers are expected to rely on internally-produced reports‚ such as balance sheets and income statements‚ to help them make decisions‚ most of the information that appears on these statements is period-based rather than decision-based. A balance sheet shows the sum total of a firm’s assets and liabilities
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Return On investment CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 6 The ROI Concept 6 Simple ROI for Cash Flow and Investment Analysis 7 Competing Investments: ROI From Cash Flow Streams 7 ROI vs. NPV‚ IRR‚ and Payback Period 10 Other ROI Metrics 11 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 6 Table 2 7 Table 3 8 Table 4 8 Table 5 8 Table 6 ………………………………....................... 9 Table 7 ………………………………...................... 10 Return on Investment: What is ROI analysis? Return on Investment (ROI) analysis
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Profit Maximization Marginal revenue is the change in revenue which comes from the sale of an additional unit of output. The relationship with total revenue is that total revenue is used in the formula to calculate marginal revenue. A company can calculate marginal revenue by dividing the change in total revenue with the change in output quantity. Because of demand‚ as production quantity increases the revenue per unit will decrease. On the other hand‚ marginal cost is the change in the total
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Stock Repurchase Repurchase of stock can be viewed in each of the following way: investment‚ financing‚ shareholder distribution and control issue. Repurchase of stock can be a way to use firm’s excess debt capacity. By doing so‚ firm can lower the cost of equity financing. If debt financing is more flexible and cheap‚ replace equity financing with debt financing is a good way to lower the weighted cost of capital. In this sense‚ such action is a financing issue because it controls the cost of
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Investment Behavior‚ Observable Expectations‚ and Internal Funds Jason G. Cummins ∗ Assistant Professor New York University 269 Mercer Street New York‚ NY 10003 jcummins@econ.nyu.edu Kevin A. Hassett Resident Scholar American Enterprise Institute 1150 17th Street NW Washington‚ DC 20036 khassett@aei.org Stephen D. Oliner Asst. Dir. of Research Federal Reserve Board Mail Stop 93 Washington‚ DC 20551 soliner@frb.gov First Draft: September 8‚ 1997 Second Draft: July 6‚ 1998 Third Draft: March 31
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Expenditures‚ Revenues‚ and Budgets Expenditures‚ Revenues‚ and Budgets AJS 532 Expenditures‚ Revenue‚ and Budgets Budgeting is an important subfield of public administration (Tyer & Willand‚ 1997). A budget system balances expenditures and revenues (Smith & Lynch‚ 2004). In public budgeting‚ revenues are funded by sources. These such sources are fees and special assessment‚ lotteries‚ and public‚ and other miscellaneous revenue. Another important factor of budgeting
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