CHAPTER Working Memory 6 Le arn i ng O b j ec t i ves 1. Using Working Memory 1.1. A Computer Metaphor 1.2. Implications of the Nature of Working Memory 2. From Primary Memory to Working Memory: A Brief History 2.1. William James: Primary Memory‚ Secondary Memory‚ and Consciousness 2.2. Early Studies: The Characteristics of Short-Term Memory 2.2.1. Brevity of Duration 2.2.2. Ready Accessibility 2.3. The Atkinson-Shiffrin Model: The Relationship of Short-Term and LongTerm Memory 2.4. The Baddeley-Hitch
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I. Memory: Processes‚ Models‚ Sensory Memory‚ Short-Term Memory A. Memory processes 1. Memory and Its Processes Memory - an active system that receives information from the senses‚ organizes and alters it as it stores it away‚ and then retrieves the information from storage. Processes of Memory: Encoding – converting sensory information into a form that is usable in the brain’s storage systems. Storage – holding onto information for some period of time. Retrieval – getting information that
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Memory is our ability to encode‚ store‚ retain‚ and subsequently recall information and experiences in the human brain. Unlike a computer memory‚ humans have a cognitive memory system that selectively takes information from the senses and converts it into meaningful patterns that we store and access later as needed. These memory patterns‚ then‚ form the raw material for thought and behavior‚ which in turn enables you to recognize a friend’s face‚ ride a bicycle‚ recollect a trip six flags‚ and
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Neuron‚ Vol. 44‚ 379–387‚ October 14‚ 2004‚ Copyright 2004 by Cell Press Neural Correlates of Behavioral Preference for Culturally Familiar Drinks Samuel M. McClure‚1‚2 Jian Li‚1 Damon Tomlin‚ ´ Kim S. Cypert‚ Latane M. Montague‚ and P. Read Montague* Department of Neuroscience Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Baylor College of Medicine 1 Baylor Plaza Houston‚ Texas 77030 neural responses‚ and the modulation of both by nonodor or nonflavor stimuli—that is‚ the sensory
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Chapter 8 - Group Process THIS CHAPTER WILL DISCUSS: 1. What group discussion "functions" are. 2. How interactional researchers study group process. 3. Whether group process relates to group output. 4. Whether group discussion consists of a series of sequential states. INTRODUCTION In Chapter 1 we examined the concept of "perspectives." As we explained‚ scientists approach an object they wish to study with a particular viewpoint‚ or perspective. Each perspective suggests distinct questions
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Machining processes ECM Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a method of removing metal by an electrochemical process. It is normally used for mass production and is used for working extremely hard materials or materials that are difficult to machine using conventional methods.[1] Its use is limited to electrically conductive materials. ECM can cut small or odd-shaped angles‚ intricate contours or cavities in hardened exotic metals‚ such as titanium aluminised‚ Inconel‚ Waspalloy‚ and high nickel
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MEMORY AND PSYCHOLOGY: In psychology‚ memory is the processes by which information is encoded‚ stored‚ and retrieved. Encoding allows information that is from the outside world to reach our senses in the forms of chemical and physical stimuli. In this first stage we must change the information so that we may put the memory into the encoding process. Storage is the second memory stage or process. This entails that we maintain information over periods of time. Finally the third process is the retrieval
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Memory 1 Running head: MEMORY Memory Types Andy Doerfler Troy University Memory 2 Memory Types Memory actually takes many different forms. We know that when we store a memory‚ we are storing information. But‚ what that information is and how long we retain it determines what type of memory it is. The biggest categories of memory are short-term memory (or working memory) and long-term memory‚ based on the amount of time the memory
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Weight Watchers - a simple‚ new approach to weight loss. Weight Watchers has helped millions of people around the world to lose weight by using a healthy and rewarding system (WWI‚ 2013). This company was founded by Jean Nidetch in 1963‚ and today the company operates in 30 different countries (Nordqvist‚ 2009). There is a whole world of temptations out there and Weight Watchers makes it possible for anyone to be able to control that desire to eat anything you want and keep the pounds off. They use
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The processes‚ patterns‚ and functions of human settlement Photograph by D.J. Zeigler The geographically informed person must understand the varying forms of human settlements in terms of their size‚ composition‚ location‚ arrangement‚ organization‚ function‚ and history. People seldom live in isolation. Instead‚ they live in clusters ranging from small villages with hundreds of people to megacities with tens of millions of people. The organized groupings of human habitation are the intense focus
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