Exam 3 Review Sheet Genetics terms: phenotype‚ genotype‚ allele‚ dominant‚ recessive‚ homozygous‚ heterozygous‚ multiple alleles‚ codominance Phenotype: physical appearance Genotype: genetic composition Allele: alternate form of a gene Dominant: trait that will be expressed Recessive: trait that will be masked by dominant trait Homozygous: both alleles are the same Heterozygous: the alleles are different Multiple Alleles: Codominance: Sex determination – all possibilities Xyy: Xxy
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randomly vs. fixed time intervals‚ and upon repetition. Introduction Our bodies react appropriately to changes that occur in the environment during our day-to-day activities. When responding‚ an external stimulus has to be detected by one or more neurons. These then send this sensory information to the nervous system where processing occurs. If a motor signal is started‚ it usually involves a number of action potentials‚ which lead to muscle contraction and movement of other parts of the body in reaction
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Much like cells are the fundamental unit of a living being‚ neurons are the fundamental unit of the nervous system. These neurons work together with other excitable cells to produce action potentials when they receive electrical or chemical stimuli. Action potentials can be thought of as an “all-or-nothing” event and occur as a large-scale depolarization when sodium and other positive ions rapidly enter the neuron through membrane channel proteins. Once initiated‚ action potentials travel down the
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inner membrane of the meninges. 6. Describe the two types of cells the brain is made of. Neurons are nerve cells that transmit nerve signals to and from the brain at up to 200mph. gilial cells make up 90% of the brain’s cells. 7. Describe the four primary structures of a neuron. The cell body is the “control center”. Processes are the structures that extend away from the cell body. Signals from other neurons are received at the dendrites. Axon terminals are at the ends of axons and contain neurotransmitters
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Discuss the relationship between the cognitive and biological features of Alzheimer’s disease Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative condition which is associated with the progressive loss of neurons and nerve cells‚ this causes people to lose their cognitive abilities such as their memory and their personalities begin to change. This is due to the fact that the disease pervades most areas of the brain. However the developing pattern of damage varies for each individual meaning each person
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NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SC CE Wearing on Her Nerves: Exploring the Interrelation between the Nervous and Muscular Systems by Kathleen G. Brown‚ Nursing Department Sharon S. Ellerton‚ Biological Sciences and Geology Queensborough Community College‚ City University of New York Part I – Rise and Shine? Kathy‚ a 20-year-old woman‚ awakens one morning to a tingling‚ numb sensation covering both of her feet. This has happened to her a number of times throughout the year
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myelin sheaths that surround the axons of some of the neurons in the CNS are formed by A) Schwann cells. B) chroid plexus C) oligodendrocytes. D) microglia. E) arachnoid villi 5. Aggregations of rough ER in neurons are referred to as A) neurofilaments. B) axon hillock C) telodendria. D) Nissl bodies. E) soma. 6) Neurons that have one axon and one dendrite are called A) anaxonic. B) unipolar. C) bipolar. D) northpolar. E) multipolar. 7) Neurons that have several dendrites and a single axon are
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200. Reticular formation -Mass of neurons and nerve fibers extending from the caudal medulla to the rostral midbrain -comprises a neural system with multiple inputs and multisynaptic system of impulse conduction -one of the oldest parts of the rbain Functions : -regulating the sleep-wake cycle ‚states of consciousness -filtering incoming stimuli to discriminate irrelevant background stimuli (habitation) -Somatic motor control ( 1. ) reticulospinal tracts maintain balance
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direction whenever a particular finger was touched. The electrodes took notes of the animals’ brain activity during that touch. The scientists used the electrode data to identify which brain cells‚ called neurons‚ had become active. Now the scientists used the implanted electrodes to zap those same neurons. And the monkeys reacted as though their finger had been touched. In fact‚ it hadn’t. “We are trying to mimic natural signals in the brain‚” Bensmaia explained toScience News. The monkeys couldn’t
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* Nervous Tissue: The Basic Hardware * Neurons are individual cells in the nervous system that receive‚ integrate‚ and transmit information. * The soma‚ or cell body‚ contains the cell nucleus and much of the chemical machinery common to most cells. * Dendrites are the parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information. * The axon is a long‚ thin fiber that transmits signals away from the soma to other neurons or to muscles or glands. * The axon ends
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