complete all three. Write a 350- to 700-word response to the following: Explain the communication process of neurons in the brain. List some common neurotransmitters and describe their effect on behavior. Neurons are electrically excitable cells found in the nervous system‚ which is mainly responsible in the transmission of information between the neurons and the cells. With the neurons‚ all body systems are able to communicate with the brain through sending and receiving signals and a connection
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– part of neuron that is specialized to receive information Axon – transmits information away from the soma to other neurons/muscles/glands Action potential – brief period where channels open and it changes chemical reaction within cell Absolute Refractory Period – minimum length of time after an action potential during which another action potential cannot begin All or None Law – either fires or doesn’t fire (activating or not) Thicker axons -- more rapid than thinner Two neurons never touch
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structure of the spinal cord is much simpler and more uniform throughout its many parts than that of the brain. No matter where it is sectioned‚ it gives the same general appearance. The interior of the spinal cord looks grey because it is filled with neurons without having myelin sheath in their axons. There are thirty-one pairs of peripheral spinal nerves connected to the spinal cord. The sensory spinal nerves are connected to the cord at the back or dorsal part. In fact‚ there are two (left and right)
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1. Biological Psychology 2.Neuron 3. Dendrite 4. axon 5 myelin 6 action potential 7 Threshold 8 Synapse 9 neurotransmitter 10 acetylcholine 11 Endorphins A branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior. A nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system. The bushy‚ branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses
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Stimulus Force (gf)(Motor neuron 1) 100 mV 0 200 mV 0 Voltage (mV) 300 mV 0 400 mV 0.102 500 mV 0.102 Effect of Stimulation Value on Twitch Contraction Force 1. What is the threshold stimulus? The minimal voltage that induces an action potential 2. What is the maximum force generated at the threshold stimulus? 0.102 3. How does increasing voltage above threshold stimulus affect force development? undefined Table 5: Muscle Length and Contraction Force Force( gf )( Motor neuron 1) Trial 1 Trial 2
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Define phrenology. How did phrenology suggest the modern-day idea of LOCALIZATION OF FUNCTION Phrenology-the detailed study of the shape and size of the cranium as a supposed indication of character and mental abilities. Phrenology is a process that involves observing and/or feeling the skull to determine an individual’s psychological attributes. The idea that different parts of the brain do different things is called localization of function. Phrenology could have been used to feel the bumps on
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Nervous tissue This tissue is found in the spinal cord‚ the brain and the nervous. The nervous tissue is seen as the ‘brain’ of the tissues as it is responsible for all informational functions. The nervous tissue contains neurons‚ and these neurons can never divide therefore can never be replaced if/ when they die. The functions of the nervous tissue are to receive nutrients from our blood‚ however it is protected in a shell so cannot receive all of the nutrients.
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The nervous system possesses three main cell types‚ one of which being the neurons. These are formed of different elements‚ the axon‚ cell body and dendrites. Axons play an important part in the fast reaction for survival. The wider the axon‚ the faster it will conduct the action potentials. For example‚ the squid carries a particular neuron involved in the escape response from danger. The axon from this specific neuron has quite a wide diameter‚ which makes it conduct action potentials faster.
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in inflamed or degenerating brain tissue. 5. Oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the CNS. 6. Nerve fibers with many Schwann cells forming a thick myelin sheath are called myelinated fibers‚ or gray fibers. 8. Most of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord are unipolar. 9. In a contralateral reflex arc‚ the receptors and effectors are located on opposite sides of the body. 10. In an ipsilateral arc‚ the effectors and receptors are on opposite sides of the body. 11. Groups
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sensory neurons running from stimulus receptors that inform the CNS of the stimuli and the motor neurons running from the CNS to the muscles and glands - called effectors - that take action. The PNS also consists of the Autonomic Nervous System which includes the sympathetic and parasympathetic. Also included with the PNS is the Somatic Nervous System. The body communicates internally through Neurons and Neural Pathways. Neurons consist of dendrites that receive information from the Neuron‚ Axons
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